Bovine and ovine embryos exposed to a variety of unusual environments prior to the blastocyst stage have resulted in the development of unusually large offspring which can also exhibit a number of organ defects. In these animals, the increased incidence of difficult parturition and of fetal and neonatal losses has limited the large-scale use of in vitro embryo production technologies commonly u...

lorazepam has in increasingly being used in our country in recent years. pharmacologically, lorazepam belongs to the benzodiazepines known for their wide neurotropic properties. there have been several studies on the side effects of the drug as stress disorders, tumors, preconvulsive activities in case of epileptic attacks, overdose, and behavioral problems, but little is known regarding the te...

objective: to determine the effectiveness of counseling in reducing anxiety of nulliparous pregnant women. materials and methods: in this quasi-experimental study, 110 nulliparous pregnant women were selected out of all pregnant women referring to fatemieh hospital in hamadan, iran. then, the subjects were divided into two groups in experimental and control (55 women in each). the data were col...

introduction: neonatal period damages occur due to mechanical forces (compression, stretching) during the birth process are classified as birth trauma. various maternofetal factors, such as maternal diabetes, breech or other noncephalic presentations and birth weight might have been effective in developing prenatal trauma. shoulder dystocia, which is common in neonates` of diabetic mothers, usu...

The direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) for the diagnosis of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis was assessed for its detection limit, observer effect, sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the specificity of the fluorescent conjugate was tested against Campylobacter sp, Arcobacter sp, Helicobacter sp, E. coli and other bacteria from the preputial flora. Ten - fold dilutions of C. fetus s...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of cattle and it occurs worldwide. The biology of this virus is complex because it is associated with many diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from mild acute infections to fatal mucosal disease. BVDV can infect cattle at all ages including the fetus (1-3). Serological evidence shows that BVDV is a common infectious a...

enrichment of cell suspension with germ cells prior to injection into recipient seminiferous tubules is of importance in spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) transplantation. knock-out serum replacement (ksr) has been reported to enhance the proliferation of murine sscs and human embryonic stem cells. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ksr versus fetal bovine serum (fbs) ...

conclusions the newly developed simple indirect elisa showed high sensitivity and specificity with respect to vnt. developing such a simple, sensitive, and specific elisa which is much less expensive than the available commercial elisa kits can improve the detection of bvdv infections, help to eliminate the disease from herds, and decrease economic losses caused by this disease. background bovi...

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis are currently differentiated by tolerance to glycine and by their epidemiology. Analysis of C. fetus DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, after digestion with the restriction endonucleases SmaI and SalI, was used to differentiate between the subspecies. All strains presently identified as C. fetus subsp. fetus had a genomic siz...