Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represents a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with similar core features of social and communication impairments, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Early synaptic dysfunction due to neuroinflammatory insults may underpin the pathogenesis of abnormal brain development in some of individuals with ASDs. As a critical component of the...

Previous studies have evidenced how the local prediction of physical stimulus features may affect neural processing incoming stimuli. Less known are effects cognitive priors on predictive processes, and brain computes versus predictions their errors. Here, we determined differential mechanisms underlying errors related to high-level, for melody (rhythm, contour) low-level, acoustic (tuning, tim...

Three laboratory experiments involving students' behavior and brain imaging and one randomized field experiment in a college physics class explored the importance of physical experience in science learning. We reasoned that students' understanding of science concepts such as torque and angular momentum is aided by activation of sensorimotor brain systems that add kinetic detail and meaning to s...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our purpose was to determine the characteristic MR features of early-onset (before age 2 years) versus late-onset (after age 2 years) globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD). METHODS Thirty-four brain MR images in 22 patients with GLD were reviewed. A severity score (0 to 32), based on a point system derived from the location and extent of disease and the presence of focal an...

Objectives: The objectives of this article are twofold: To review the value and the variability of MR imaging (MRI) findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to reveal the frequency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. SLE is a complex multisystem autoimmune connective tissue disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Materials and methods: We prese...

6. Kristensson K. Avian influenza and the brain – comments on the occasion of resurrection of the Spanish flu virus. Brain Res Bull 2006;68:406-413. The new emerging infection due to H7N9 influenza virus in China is the latest new outbreak for global concern1. As a bird flu, this infection is considered a zoonosis and results in serious clinical illness. As an atypical influenza infection, the ...

Various lines of (pre)clinical research indicate that cannabinoid agents carry the potential for therapeutic application to reduce symptoms in several psychiatric disorders. However, direct testing of the involvement of cannabinoid brain systems in psychiatric syndromes is essential for further development. In the Pharmacological Imaging of the Cannabinoid System (PhICS) study, the involvement ...

PURPOSE To describe the clinical, neurodiagnostic, and MR findings in seven children with brain stem and spinal multiple sclerosis. METHODS Spinal or brain stem multiple sclerosis was diagnosed in seven children between 1986 and 1992. All patients had neurologic and MR examinations as well as neurodiagnostic testing, including spinal fluid analysis and brain stem and auditory evoked potential...

Total and specific activities of alaninaminotransferase (Al-AT) were determined in general tissues, mitochondrial and cytosol fractions of visual, orbital, motor, limbic areas of brain cortex and hypothalamus of three-month old and one-year old rats under 10-20 days and 30 days protein deprivation and under recovery of normal food regime during the same terms. It was found out that Al-AT activi...