OBJECT Although the traditional nomenclature used to describe hindbrain hernias is useful, there are certainly patients in whom these morphological entities do not strictly apply. One such group is composed of patients with the more recently described Chiari 1.5 malformation in which a Chiari I malformation is seen in combination with brain-stem herniation through the foramen magnum. In an atte...

Schizencephaly is a rare congenital brain malformation characterized by clefts in the cerebral cortex, it classified Type I (open lip) and II (close-lip). Patients with schizencephaly present seizures, hydrocephalus, motor mental deficits. Ultrasound used for in-utero newborns patients’ diagnosis, MRI or CT already born patients. The management of conservative, rehabilitation deficits, medicati...

Background. Arteriovenous malformations of the brain are a rare vascular pathology. Many studies focus on features venous drainage arteriovenous malformations. The angioarchitectural and hemodynamic component can influence patient management. Objective . To evaluate relationship between types clinical course. Design methods. Survey included 61 adult patients neurosurgical department № 3 Polenov...

Reprint requests to: Dr. Ping-Hong Lai Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. No. 386, Ta Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C. A 65-year-old lung cancer patient was screened for intracranial metastases. Post–gadoliniumenhanced T1-weighted imaging revealed a small enhancing pontine lesion sl ightly hypointense on T2*-weighted gradient echo, invisible on T1-/ T2-we...

Background: Vein of Galen aneurysm (VGA) is the most common form of symptomatic cerebrovascular malformation in neonates. It develops in a fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy due to unknown reasons, but it is likely to have a genetic etiology. The prognosis of VGA is usually poor, particularly in newborns with heart failure due to high-flow intracerebral shunt. Surgery and endovascular em...

Epilepsy and brain malformation are commonly associated with excessive synaptic excitation and decreased synaptic inhibition of principal neurons. However, few studies have examined the state of synaptic inhibition of interneurons in an epileptic, malformed brain. We analyzed inhibitory inputs, mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), to hippocampal interneurons in a mouse model of type 1 li...

The actin cytoskeleton regulates many important cellular processes in the brain, including cell division and proliferation, migration, and cytokinesis and differentiation. These developmental processes can be regulated through actin dependent vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. Many of these processes are mediat...

Apert syndrome (AS) is a common genetic syndrome in humans characterized with craniosynostosis. Apert patients and mouse models showed abnormalities in sutures, cranial base and brain, that may all be involved in the pathogenesis of skull malformation of Apert syndrome. To distinguish the differential roles of these components of head in the pathogenesis of the abnormal skull morphology of AS, ...