BACKGROUND Recent research suggests that variability in brain signal provides important information about brain function in health and disease. However, it is unknown whether blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability is altered in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We aimed to identify the BOLD signal variability changes of PTSD patients during symptom provocation and compare t...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to record electrical activity of brain. Human brain is fascinated by the different idea of thoughts and feelings generated from external and internal stimuli. Feature extraction and classification of EEG signal plays an important role in diagnosis of various brain diseases and mental tasks. In this paper, powerful technique of empirical mode decomposition (EMD...

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is often directed at mapping, assisting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive method of acquisition brain electrical activities. Noises are impure the EEG recorded signal due to the physiologic and extra-physiologic artifacts. There are several techniques are intended to manipulate the EEG recorded s...

Multichannel recordings of magnetoencephalography (MEG) are usually comprised of repetitive events (e.g. external stimuli) in order to evoke the relatively weak magnetic fields of brain responses to a specific task. The analysis of the underlying electrophysiological brain activity of such unaveraged signals is notoriously challenging. During MEG experiments environmental and other external noi...

T he human brain is perhaps the most fascinating and complex signal processing machine in existence. It is capable of transducing a variety of environmental signals (the senses, including taste, touch, smell, sound, and sight) and extracting information from these disparate signal streams, ultimately fusing this information to enable behavior, cognition, and action. What is perhaps surprising i...

BACKGROUND Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscope (fNIRs) is one of the latest technologies which utilize light in the near-infrared range to determine brain activities. Near-infrared technology allows design of safe, portable, wearable, non-invasive and wireless qualities monitoring systems. This indicates that fNIRs signal monitoring of brain hemodynamics can be value in helping to understand ...

posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a disorder of emotional and mental stress occurring as an outcome of injury or severe emotional shock. several neuroimaging studies in humans have shown the functions and relationship between the anatomical changes of brain and ptsd. the three major areas of the brain are affected by ptsd .these three areas are the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cor...