The irritable gut is known to be hypersensitive, and it is reasonable to suspect that patients with the disorder might be hyperreactive to agents that stimulate or irritate it. This appears to be a possible explanation for the adverse effects of bran on hospital patients with this disorder, but we do not yet know how this product affects community IBS sufferers. We cannot ignore the fact that f...

Rice bran chemical profiles differ across rice varieties and have not yet been analysed for differential chemopreventive bioactivity. A diverse panel of seven rice bran varieties was analysed for growth inhibition of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Inhibition varied from 0% to 99%, depending on the variety of bran used. Across varieties, total lipid content ranged 5-16%, individual fatty a...

Vet Med Today: Timely Topics in Nutrition 593 R (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It is a dietary staple that provides the bulk of daily calories for many companion animals and humans. The bran fraction of rice is a nutrient-rich by-product that has been primarily used as a low-cost feed for livestock and a fiber source in pet food. This review highlights ar...

The mammalian lignans enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol, commonly found in human plasma and urine, are phytoestrogens that may contribute to the prevention of breast cancer and coronary heart disease. They are formed by the conversion of dietary precursors such as secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol lignans by the colonic microflora. The identification of lignins, cell-wall polymers structur...

The hypothesis that factors such as dietary fibre and phytate in wheat bran limit the availability of Zn was tested in growing rats fed on low-Zn diets with different wheat crispbreads as the major source of Zn. Six groups of six weanling male rats each were fed on 5 parts semi-synthetic Zn-deficient diet and 1 part wheat-endosperm crispbread for 1 week. At the beginning of the second week, the...

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer. The development of effective chemopreventive strategies to reduce CRC incidence is therefore of paramount importance. Over the past decade, research has indicated the potential of rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, in CRC chemoprevention. This was recently suggested to be partly attributable to modification in the c...

Oat flour, the by-product resulting from commercial production of oat bran, was analyzed to contain 7.7% moisture, 11% CP, 6% crude fat, 8.8% NDF, 1.56% ash (.10% Ca, .23% P), 4,265 kcal/kg GE, .41% lysine, .36% threonine, .17% tryptophan, .21% methionine and .34% cystine. Chick bioassays revealed that lysine and threonine were the first- and second-limiting amino acids in oat flour. Slope-rati...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of 19 rice bran samples and to develop prediction equations for DE and ME based on their chemical composition. The 19 rice bran samples came from different rice varieties, processing methods and regions. The basal diet was formulated using corn and soybean meal (74.43% corn and 22.91% so...

Rice bran is an economical, under-utilized co-product of rough rice milling. The objective of this study was to produce rice-bran peptides and investigate for anti-cancer activity. Protein hydrolysates were prepared by treating heat stabilized defatted rice-bran with food grade Alcalase enzyme, followed by treatment with simulated gastric and intestinal juices to obtain resistant peptides. Resi...

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are involved in oxidative rancidity and render rice unsuitable for human consumption. Here, RNA interference- (RNAi-) induced gene expression inhibition was used to analyze the functions of the bran/seed-specific LOXs in rice. r9-LOX1 and L-2 (9-LOX category) were the candidate genes expressing a bran/seed-specific LOX, while RCI-1 was (13-LOX category) a plastid-specific L...