Historically square or almost spacing design has been used in plantation forest, as it claimed to maximize productivity. In this study, based on field experiments established the mid-1980s, we tested effect of different rectangular planting designs (2 × 2, 1.33 3, 1 4, 0.8 5, 1.46 4 m) productivity, stand heterogeneity, and external wood properties three coniferous species: Scots pine, Lodgepol...

The open end correction coefficient (OECC) of acoustic tubes has been widely investigated under a free-field condition. This study examines OECCs in confined regions, such as side branches within the vocal tract. To do this, a number of mechanical acoustic models are used to examine the effects of the angle of the branch axis and the proximity of the walls of the main tract to the open end of t...

BACKGROUND The majority of bifurcation lesions are treated with crush stenting. However, the success of crush stenting depends on final kissing-balloon inflation (FKBI), which is potentially difficult. Although mini-crush stenting has a higher rate of successful FKBI, it still cannot be achieved in some patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to failure of...

Any defects in street trees may cause injuries to human, vehicles and buildings. This research was investigated in the Babol city, Mazandaran province, in the northern state of Iran.Used the perfect inventory methods and measured the diameter at breathe height (DBH), height and hazardous criteria (dead woods, cracks or seams, decay, wound or cankers, root problems, weak branch unions and skew f...

Any defects in street trees may cause injuries to human, vehicles and buildings. This research was investigated in the Babol city, Mazandaran province, in the northern state of Iran.Used the perfect inventory methods and measured the diameter at breathe height (DBH), height and hazardous criteria (dead woods, cracks or seams, decay, wound or cankers, root problems, weak branch unions and skew f...

[1] Spatially-distributed forest biomass components are essential to understand carbon cycle and the impact of biomass burning emissions on air quality. We estimated the density of forest biomass components (foliage biomass, branch biomass, and aboveground biomass) at a spatial resolution of 1 km across the Contiguous United States using foliage-based generalized allometric models and Moderate-...

Forest managers need accurate biomass equations to plan thinning for fuel reduction or energy production. Estimates of carbon sequestration also rely upon such equations. The current allometric equations for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) commonly employed for California forests were developed elsewhere, and are often applied without consideration potential for spatial or temporal variability...

OBJECTIVE Determine whether size and other preoperative parameters predict malignant or invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA From 1991 to 2006, 150 patients underwent 156 operations for IPMN. METHODS Prospectively collected, retrospective review of a single academic institution's experience. All preoperative parameters including a detailed radiol...

Allometric theories suggest that the size and shape of organisms follow universal rules, with a tendency toward quarter-power scaling. In woody plants, however, structure is influenced by branch death and shedding, which leads to decreasing crown ratios, accumulation of heartwood, and stem and branch tapering. This paper examines the impacts on allometric scaling of these aspects, which so far ...

We report a case of transient reduction in the diameter and tortuosity of an occluded vessel after intravitreal administration of 1.25 mg (0.05 ml) bevacizumab in a patient with ischaemic branch retinal vein occlusion. A 64-year-old hypertensive female presented with chief complaints of reduced vision in her right eye for 3 months. Her vision in the right eye was evaluated as counting fingers a...