Branching morphogenesis of epithelia is an important mechanism in mammalian development. The last decade has seen the identification of many signalling pathways and intracellular mechanisms that control epithelial branching. Tissue-level mechanisms that space new branches out have, however, remained an unsolved problem. A recent publication by Nelson et al.1 suggests--if extrapolation from thei...

According to the French-Jewish thinker Levinas (1905–1995), ethics begins with the appearing of the other person, or, as he calls it in his first major work, Totality and Infinity (1961), with his or her “face.” Let us follow Levinas in his attempt to describe this central ethical phenomenon. In this way, we will be led to pay special attention to the problem of violence, hate, and murder, sinc...

The brand is a very special asset and in many businesses it is the most important asset. This is due to the farreaching economic impact that brands have on enterprise. Brands influence the choice of customers, employees, investors and government authorities. In a world of abundant choices such influence is crucial for commercial success and creation of shareholder value. Even non-profit organis...

Marketers value and seek brand loyalty. Consequently, they have developed a variety of strategies to encourage both behavioral (repeat purchase) and attitudinal (emotional) loyalty among customers. A recent concept has emerged related to the latter goal: brand engagement. Although marketers give a variety of definitions for brand engagement, the essential concept is an emotional attachment to a...

This paper aims at determining the effect of e-news brand trust and the consequences of e-news brand trust. The model used in this study were tested on two news brands online, namely Detik.com and Kompas.com. Total sample of this study is accounted for 418 respondents, of which 239 respondents are kompas.com reader and 179 respondents’ reader of Detik.com. Results of this study indicate that bo...

By definition, brand strategy is a long-term plan for the development of a successful brand in order to achieve specific goals. A well-defined and executed brand strategy affects all aspects of a business and is directly connected to consumer needs, emotions, and competitive environments. The main purpose of the current study is to investigate brand and product congruity and its effect on brand...

Previous studies on e-commerce have focused on the influence of the online website environment on purchasing decisions but rarely examined online brand loyalty from perspectives of brand trust and brand affect. Though antecedents of brand affect and trust have received attention, the relationship among these antecedents, brand affect and brand trust still remains unclear. Therefore, this study ...

As new products are generally difficult to be accepted by consumers, and the cost of initial market introduction is high, enterprises often choose to do market extension of an existing brand. Simultaneously, a successful brand extension can enhance the reputation of the original brand, and expand the brand value. But how can enterprise take a good brand extension? Through establishment of a dyn...