dormancy breaking and germination requirements were investigated in seeds of ferula ovina and ferula gummosa. seeds of rather species were collected from north and eastern-north rangelands of iran. seeds of each of the species were subjected to different treatments including various levels of ga3, chilling and combination of ga3 and chilling (ga-chilling). in contrast to treated seeds, non-trea...

Artificial Neural Networks are information processing systems. Over the past several years, these algorithms have received much attention for their applications in pattern completing, pattern matching and classification and also for their use as a tool in various areas of problem solving. In this work, an Artificial Neural Network model is presented for predicting the tensile properties of co...

An effective SAT preprocessing technique is the construction of symmetry breaking formulas: auxiliary clauses that guide a SAT solver away from needless exploration of symmetric subproblems. However, during the past decade, state-of-the-art SAT solvers rarely incorporated symmetry breaking. This suggests that the reduction of the search space does not outweigh the overhead incurred by detecting...

A supersymmetric model with two copies of the Standard Model gauge groups is constructed in the gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking scenario. The supersymmetry breaking messengers are in a very simple form. The Standard Model is obtained after first step gauge symmetry breaking. In the case of one copy of the gauge interactions being strong, a scenario of electroweak symmetry breaking is disc...

Symmetry breaking is the process of eliminating redundant search by taking advantage of the symmetries in a problem. Symmetry breaking techniques can be combined with other search heuristics, such as branching constraints and variable orderings. The interaction between dynamic symmetry breaking and domain splitting is discussed, and preliminary results are presented showing the impact of variab...

We analyze the Scherk-Schwarz (SS) supersymmetry breaking in brane-world five dimensional theories compactified on the orbifold S 1 /Z 2. The SS breaking parameter is undetermined at the tree-level (no-scale supergravity) and can be interpreted as the Hosotani vacuum expectation value corresponding to the U (1) R group in five dimensional N = 2 (ungauged) supergravity. We show that the SS break...

We investigate the little hierarchy between Z boson mass and the SUSY breaking scale in the context of landscape of electroweak symmetry breaking vacua. We consider the radiative symmetry breaking and found that the scale where the electroweak symmetry breaking conditions are satisfied and the average stop mass scale is preferred to be very close to each other in spite of the fact that their or...

We investigate low-energy models of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking by means of vector-like gauge theories for dynamical SUSY breaking. It is not necessary to introduce messenger gauge interactions utilized so far to mediate the SUSY breaking to the standard-model sector, which reduces complication in the model building. We also consider various other ways of SUSY-breaking transmission.

LexLeader, a state of the art static symmetry breaking method, adds a lex ordering constraint for each variable symmetry of the problem to select the lexicographically least solution. In practice, the same method can also be used for partial symmetry breaking by breaking only a given subset of symmetries. We propose a new total ordering, reflex, as basis of a new symmetry breaking constraint th...