Chemokines and their receptors are key mediators of the inflammatory process regulating leukocyte extravasation and directional migration into inflamed and infected tissues. The control of chemokine availability within inflamed tissues is necessary to attain a resolving environment and when this fails chronic inflammation ensues. Accordingly, vertebrates have adopted a number of mechanisms for ...

I co-teach a graduate course at Harvard called “An Introduction to Systems Biology”. It covers some of the mathematical methods used to build mechanistic models of molecular and cellular systems. Beginning students tend to ask twokinds of questions. Those with a biological background say “Why do I need to use mathematical models? What can they tell me that conventional biological methods cannot...

Broadly speaking, one of the primary tasks in the theory of compact Riemann surfaces is the construction of meromorphic functions. A powerful tool in this endeavor is the Riemann-Roch theorem which allows the construction of functions with partially prescribed zeros and poles, such that the number of prescribed poles exceeds the zeros by a fixed constant depending on the surface. To be more pre...

The process of categorizing packets into “flows” in an Internet router is called packet classification. All packets belonging to the same flow obey a pre-defined rule and are processed in a similar manner by the router. For example, all packets with the same source and destination IP addresses may be defined to form a flow. Packet classification is needed for non “best-effort” services, such as...

What exactly is the relationship between physical and mental properties?∗ On this question materialist philosophers and cognitive scientists have a very limited range of basic alternatives (short of rejecting mental properties as real properties; cf. Churchland 1981). Broadly speaking, these alternatives are: some form of behaviorism, some form of the identity theory,1 and some form of function...

Most proteins have uneven distributions in the plasma membrane. Broadly speaking, this may be caused by mechanisms specific to each protein, or may be a consequence of a general pattern that affects the distribution of all membrane proteins. The latter hypothesis has been difficult to test in the past. Here, we introduce several approaches based on click chemistry, through which we study the di...

Self-directed learning confers a number of advantages relative to passive observation, including the ability to test hypotheses rather than learn from data generated by the environment. However, it remains unclear to what extent self-directed learning is constrained by basic cognitive processes and how those limits are related to the structure of the to-be-learned material. The present study ex...

Ottoman characters from three different fonts are used character recognition problem, broadly speaking, is transferring a page that contain symbols to the computer and matching these symbols with previously known or recognized symbols after extraction the features of these symbols via appropriate preprocessing methods. Because of silent features of the characters, implementing an Ottoman charac...

Fundamentally, financial mathematics is concerned with modeling the random movements of underlyers (e.g., stocks, indexes, interest rates, etc.) and developing the computational tools that are needed to price and hedge the risks associated with these movements. One of the principal modeling challenges is that different financial underlyers exhibit an array of different behaviors (e.g., stochast...

We address the problem of detecting unusual actions performed by a human in a video. Broadly speaking, we achieve our goal by matching the observed action to a set of a-priori known actions. If the observed action can not be matched to any of the known actions (representing the normal case), we conclude that an event has taken place. In this contribution we will show how sparse representations ...