So what constitutes disease in COPD? Combinations of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the slow vital capacity (SVC) are used to help classify lung disease. What is normal? What reference equations does one use? Is the lower limit of normal (LLN) for the FEV1/FVC more accurate than the fixed ratio of 0.70? Does lung function have to be measured a...

The effects of oral doses of theophylline and a iS-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, were examined in 18 asthmatic young adults. Significant bronchodilation was seen with high-dose theophylline (FEy1 increased 14 percent) and with full 10-mg doses of fenoterol (FEV, increased 10 percent). Low-dose theophylline alone (130 mg) increased FEV1 by 5 percent, but when combined with 5 mg of fenoterol, a ...

Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Short-acting beta 2-agonists induce bronchodilation and usually are prescribed as a rescue medication. They are recognized as a cause of hyperlactatemia and, less frequently, lactic acidosis. Short-acting beta 2-agonists are also known for their potentially adverse cardiovascular effects, such as at...

The concept that treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may improve long term lung function by reversing or minimising the effects of airway remodelling remains an attractive one but, until now, unproven. It is therefore with much interest that we read the publications of two observational studies by Lange et al and by Dijkstra et al. Both groups of authors hypothesised that asthmatic ind...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and debilitating symptoms. For patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, long-acting bronchodilators are the mainstay of therapy; as symptoms progress, guidelines recommend combining bronchodilators from different classes to improve efficacy. Inhaled long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) have been licensed fo...

The objective: was to investigate the level of asthma control in adolescents using PAQLQ questionnaire and spirometry. Materials methods. study included 60 aged 12 18 years, patients with asthma, without clinical functional signs exacerbation. 43.4% (26 people) had a controlled course, 56.6% children (34 partially asthma. Results. According results bronchodilation tests 3 times more often showe...