introduction: the purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of implementing operating budgeting in shiraz municipality. method: the population of this study was consisted of four groups of individuals who were aware of the various phases of budgeting in shiraz municipality including: (1) senior managers and administrative and financial assistants, (2) financial managers along with ac...

BIT RATE CONTROL FOR REAL-TIME MULTIPOINT VIDEO CONFERENCING Xiaoping Hu, MS University of Pittsburgh, 2003 With the rapid development of video compression and network technology, real-time video communications has become a popular part of our daily life. Rate control is needed to satisfy the expectation of high quality and to make it possible to transmit over limited bandwidth. The objective o...

Dynamically allocating wealth between cash and a performance-seeking portfolio allows investors to limit drawdowns to a chosen pre-defined level or risk-budget. This paper introduces variants and generalizations of the maximum drawdown metric and the corresponding risk-control strategies, such as excess drawdown, relative drawdown, and rolling drawdowns control. We discuss the relevance of thes...