proteomics refers to the analysis of expression, localization, functions, posttranslational modifications, and interactions of proteins expressed by a genome at a specific condition and at a specific time. current proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of proteome. in this review, we have focused on the proteom...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE hearing impairment is common in older adults and has been implicated in the risk of disability and mortality. We examined the association between hearing impairment and risk of incident disability and all-cause mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING prospective cohort of community-dwelling older men aged 63-85 followed up for disability over 2 years and for all-cause mortality...

PURPOSE We compared the prevalence of disability among older American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) with that among their African American and White peers, then examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with disability among AI/ANs. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the 5% 2000 Census Public Use Microdata Sample. We assessed disability by functional limitation, mobility disabili...

OBJECTIVE To assess the construct and convergent validity of the 16 items of the Late-Life Disability Instrument (LLDI) in Latin American seniors. METHOD Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the factor structure of frequency and limitation sub-scales of the LLDI. ANOVA and t test were used to determine the convergent and construct validity of the LLDI by explo...

The European Union budget is subject to a strict annual balanced budget rule. Given different types of expenditure within the budget, this rule has most effect on and is most threatened by spending on the Common Agricultural Policy. This article examines the merits of applying a balanced budget rule to the EU budget and explores the links between the budget and the CAP. The presence of the rule...

In hybrid simulation, the structure is divided into numerical and physical substructures to achieve more accurate responses in comparison to a full computational analysis. As a consequence of the lack of test facilities and actuators, and the budget limitation, only a few substructures can be modeled experimentally, whereas the others have to be modeled numerically. In this paper, a new hybrid ...

A recently proposed method in deep learning groups multiple neurons to capsules such that each capsule represents an object or part of object. Routing algorithms route the output from lower-level layers upper-level layers. In this paper, we prove state-of-the-art routing procedures decrease expressivity networks. More precisely, it is shown EM-routing and routing-by-agreement prevent networks d...