OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is complex and poorly understood. We aim to investigate the association of various circulating peptide hormones with heterogenous manifestations of GERD. METHODS One hundred and four patients that had experienced typical GERD symptoms (heartburn and/or acid regurgitation) for at least 3 episodes per week in the past 3 months...

Previous studies show that neuropeptide Y(1-36) (NPY(1-36)) and peptide YY(1-36) (PYY(1-36)), by engaging Y1 receptors, stimulate proliferation of spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (PGVSMCs). In contrast, these peptides have little effect on proliferation of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) PGVSMCs. Why SHR and WKY PGVSMCs differ in this regard is unknown. Because ...

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on solid gastric emptying and the subsequent release of pancreatic and intestinal hormones. In eight men [age 33.6 ± 2.5 yr, body mass index 24.1 ± 0.9 (means ± SE)], scintigraphic solid gastric emptying during infusion of GLP-1 (0.75 pmol ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1) or saline was studied for 180 min. Concomitantly, pl...

Activation of plasma membrane TGR5 receptors in enteroendocrine cells by bile acids is known to regulate gastrointestinal secretion and motility and glucose homeostasis. The endocrine functions of the gut are modulated by microenvironment of the distal gut predominantly by sulfur-reducing bacteria of the microbiota that produce H2S. However, the mechanisms involved in the release of peptide hor...

Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is expressed on enteroendocrine L cells that release glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) when activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Functionally GLP-1 and PYY inhibit gut transit, increase glucose tolerance, and suppress appetite; thus, FFA2 has therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, FFA2-selective agonists have...

BACKGROUND/AIMS It is generally believed that cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates colonic motility, although there are controversial reports. It has also been suggested that postprandial peptide YY (PYY) release is CCK-dependent. Using a totally isolated, vascularly perfused rat colon, we investigated: (1) the roles of CCK and PYY on colonic motility, (2) to determine if CCK modulates PYY release ...

Yang, Hong, Keishi Kawakubo, and Yvette Taché. Intracisternal PYY increases gastric mucosal resistance: role of cholinergic, CGRP, and NO pathways. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 40): G555–G562, 1999.—The influence of intracisternal injection of peptide YY (PYY) on gastric lesions induced by ethanol was studied in urethananesthetized rats. Gastric lesions covered 15–22% of th...

BACKGROUND Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) inhibits eating in healthy, overweight, and diabetic subjects. OBJECTIVE The GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39)NH2 (ex9-39) was used to further explore the role of GLP-1 as an endogenous satiation signal. DESIGN Two double-blind, 4-way crossover studies were performed, each of which included 10 healthy men. In study A, subjects recei...