We use a genetic algorithm to simulate the evolution of error-prone finite automata in the repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma game. In particular, the automata are subjected to implementation and perception errors. The computational experiments examine whether and how the distribution of outcomes and genotypes of the coevolved automata change with different levels of errors. We find that the complexit...

Cellulase catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-1,4-linkages of cellulose to produce industrially relevant monomeric subunits. Cellulases find their applications in pulp and paper, laundry, food and feed, textile, brewing industry and in biofuel production. These industries always have great demand for cellulases that can work efficiently even in harsh conditions such as high salt, heat, and acidic env...

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) is secreted by some strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and is strongly associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), a severe and often fatal illness. SPE A possesses a number of biological properties, some of which are shared with a group of exotoxins of streptococcal and staphylococcal origins, the pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs). ...

Although Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting is a robust algorithm to solve unsymmetric sparse linear systems of equations, it is difficult to implement efficiently on parallel machines because of its dynamic and somewhat unpredictable way of generating work and intermediate results at run time. In this paper, we present an efficient parallel algorithm that overcomes this difficulty. The...

We study decisions in a dynamic game where firms’ private production leads to accumulation of a public bad, for example in the form of pollution. Firms have an option to invest in clean technology, which lowers emissions, or contributions to the public bad. The main treatment variable is access to clean technology, or benefits from such investment, which can be private or common. In the private...

This article generalizes Heckman’s (1981) dynamic discrete choice panel data models by introducing lagged social interactions, so that the models can accommodate interrelationships of decisions across cross-sectional units. The likelihood function for a general model with dynamic social interactions is derived and simulation methods based on the unbiased GHK simulator are proposed to implement ...

This paper provides field experimental evidence on the prevalence and determinants of discrimination and in-group favoritism in trust decisions. We observe choices of about 1,000 inhabitants of the city of Zurich who take part in a sequential trust game, in which first movers can condition their investments on the residential districts of second movers. Our main results can be summarized as fol...

A frequently cited argument against the use of market-based instruments to provide public goods is that they diminish our sense of responsibility to be good citizens. In this paper, we report on the results of a laboratory experiment designed to explore the idea that this distrust stems from the ability of some members of society to contribute to the public good with money instead of time or ef...

We introduce a two-player, binary-choice game in which both players have a privately known incentive to enter, yet the combined surplus is highest if only one enters. Repetition of this game admits two distinct ways to cooperate: turn taking and cutoffs, which rely on the player’s private value to entry. A series of experiments highlights the role of private information in determining which mod...

Due to the ability of the NOAA-AVHRR sensor to cover a wide area and its high temporal frequency, it is possible to quickly obtain a general overview of the prevailing situation over a large area of terrain and, more specifically, quickly assess the damage caused by a recent large forest fire by mapping the extent of the burned area. The aim of this work was to map a large forest fire that rece...