❏ A. Recommend that she start taking 400 IU of vitamin D3 and 1,000 mg of calcium daily. ❏ B. Recommend that she start taking 800 IU of vitamin D3 and 1,500 mg of calcium daily. ❏ C. Refer her for a bone mineral density assessment before making a recommendation. ❏ D. Recommend that she not take low doses of vitamin D and calcium because they have not been shown to prevent fractures in community...

Calcium represents a key biological signaling ion with the EF-hand loops being its most prevalent binding motif in proteins. We show using molecular dynamics simulations with umbrella sampling that including electronic polarization effects via ionic charge rescaling dramatically improves agreements with experiment in terms of the strength of calcium binding and structures of the calmodulin bind...

Background: Iran is one of the major consumers of opium and opiate substances in the world. Addiction has become a very important issue in the 21st century and an urgent one in Iran. The consumption of this substance leaves a variety of impacts on the human body. The goal of this study is to investigate the changes of the biochemical parameters derived from opiate substances in addicts during t...

although some vitamins have been shown to prevent glucocorticoids induced osteoporosis in short time, the magnitude of this effect remains to be clarified. the aim of this study was to evaluate protective effect of vitamin d3 on methylprednisolone acetate (mpa) induced osteoporosis in rats. twenty-four male sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: group a (n = 6), was a base ...

background: in the field of cellular therapy, the impact of confluence degree to harvest or differentiate bmmscs and the effect of cell-to-cell contact remains controversial. therefore, the effect of confluence on bmmscs properties was studied and confluence-associated osteogenic differentiation efficiency was identified. materials and methods: the impact of confluences at 20, 50, 70, 80 and 10...

to understand the relationship between natural physicochemical properties of soil and abundance of citrus root nematode (tylenchulus semipenetrans), a survey was conducted during 2009-2010 in some 37 citrus orchards, in kohgilouyeh va boyerahmad province, iran. distribution of the citrus nematode was determined by collecting random samples from the soil and citrus plant roots, extracting and en...

The spectral functions for calcium and argon are constructed. It is verified that their predictions for the quasielastic electron-nucleus cross sections in the energy range ∼1 GeV agree with the data. The argon spectral function is then used to obtain the quasielastic neutrino-nucleus cross section.

During childhood and adolescence, bone mass acquisition occurs primarily through skeletal growth. It is widely assumed that bone mass acquisition throughout childhood is an important determinant of the risk of osteoporosis in late adulthood; bone mass is thought to resemble a bank account in which deposits persist indefinitely. However, several well-controlled clinical studies suggest that incr...