BACKGROUND Hookworm infections are significant public health issues in South-East Asia. In women of reproductive age, chronic hookworm infections cause iron deficiency anaemia, which, upon pregnancy, can lead to intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. Low birth weight is an important risk factor for neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity. METHODOLOGY We investigated the ass...

background micronutrient deficiency in tanzania is a significant public health problem, with vitamin a deficiency (vad) affecting 34% of children aged 6 to 59 months. since 2007, development partners have worked closely to advocate for the inclusion of twice-yearly vitamin a supplementation and deworming (vasd) activities with budgets at the subnational level, where funding and implementation o...

This study aimed to explore the relationship between hospital admissions for asthma and socioeconomic deprivation. A retrospective study examined one year of hospital admissions for asthma in the West Midlands region of England (n = 10,044), and in one of the region's wealthier districts, Worcester (n = 251). Age standardized admission ratios (SARs) for asthma, and the routes of hospital admiss...

Guizhou Plateau is a region in China that typically shows the contradictory human-earth system. A vulnerability assessment indicator system was constructed to explore the coupled human-natural system characteristic of the karst landform based on the grey correlation analysis mathematic model. The quantitative assessment results show that Qiandongnan and Tongren Districts belong to the slight de...

Nationally, K–12 education has been undergoing dramatic changes aimed to improve equity, adequacy, and efficiency. The school finance equalization movement has increased the centralization of school finance and reduced variation in revenues across local school districts. Michigan’s Proposal A stemmed from concerns about inequities in property tax burdens and school spending across districts, an...

§ Introduction and Overview The Tiebout (1956) model assumes that households choose their community of residence in part by the quality of its public schools. For the model to operate efficiently, school districts should be numerous. In 1916, there were over 200,000 public school districts in the United States. By 2005, there were fewer than 15,000. Most observers regard this decline as evidenc...

BACKGROUND Recognizing the growing childhood overweight problem, a number of school-based strategies, including policy approaches, have been proposed and are being implemented to address the problem considering the amount of time children spend in schools. This paper describes the results of a pilot study that tested approaches to collecting U.S. school district policy information regarding phy...

introduction : this study was aimed to investigate the effects of risk factors, and environmental and climatic factors a ffecting the occurrence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in iran. we used temporal modeling to predict the future occurrence of the disease in the country . methods : we analyzed the data of 165 cchf patients from all over iran (e xcept the districts zabol and zaheda...