Traditional confirmation procedures for the identification of a pneumococcal serotype require an isolate. Non-culture-based confirmation protocols are available. Some of these confirm only the presence of pneumococci, and others are capable of identifying a limited number of serotypes. The increased use of pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines, especially in high-risk patient group...

Attachment of soil bacteria to plant cells is supposedly the very early step required in plant-microbe interactions. Attachment also is an initial step for the formation of microbial biofilms on plant roots. For the rhizobia-legume symbiosis, various mechanisms and diverse surface molecules of both partners have been proposed to mediate in this process. The first phase of attachment is a weak, ...

6 Mathieu Houde, Marcelo Gottschalk, Fleur Gagnon, Marie-Rose Van Calsteren, and 7 Mariela Segura* 8 9 10 Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc and Centre de Recherche en 11 Infectiologie Porcine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, and Food 12 Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, 13 Québec, Canada. 14 15 16...

Commonly found in raw oysters, Vibrio vulnificus poses a serious health threat to immunocompromised individuals and those with serum iron overload, with a fatality rate of approximately 50%. An essential virulence factor is its capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which is responsible for a significant increase in virulence compared to nonencapsulated strains. However, this bacterium is known to vary...

glucoronoxylomannan (gxm) is the most important compound of polysaccharide capsule in cryptococcus neoformans that causes infection in its recognition as a foreign agent by immune system. because of its similarity with some naural compounds such as heparin and hyaloronic acid, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of polysaccharide compounds on blood coagulative process and renal pe...

There are over 90 different capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). As well as being a tool for understanding pneumococcal epidemiology, capsular serotyping can provide useful information for vaccine efficacy and impact studies. The Quellung reaction is the gold standard method for pneumococcal capsular serotyping. The method involves testing a pneumococcal cell suspe...

The capsular polysaccharide of Type IX pneumococcus contains D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and D-glucuronic acid. Complete hydrolysis is difficult. All of the N-acetylglucosamine is resistant to oxidation by periodate, but the other two sugars are degraded in part. Chemical and quantitative serological data are consistent with the linkage of two D-glucose residues 1 --> 4, as in maltose; o...

26 Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is a CDC Tier 1 Select Agent 27 that causes severe disease in both humans and animals. Diagnosis and treatment of 28 melioidosis can be challenging, and in the absence of optimal chemotherapeutic intervention 29 acute disease is frequently fatal. Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease for which no 30 licensed vaccines curr...