gasification (BBLG). One particularly harsh application is linings for gasifiers used in the treatment of black liquor (BL). Black liquor is a water solution of the non-cellulose portion of the wood (mainly lignin) and the spent pulping chemicals (Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Na2S). Development of new refractory materials for the black liquor gasification (BLG) application is a critical issue for imp...

The O/O and C/C ratios of carbonate minerals formed by supergene oxidation of Zn–Pb deposits and submarine alteration of ancient slags were studied in order to constrain isotope fractionation factors for smithsonite, cerussite, and phosgenite, and to characterize conditions of nonsulfide ore formation. We present new isotope data of carbonate-hosted ores from the Iglesiente district (Sardinia, ...

Glass cell experiments were conducted to investigate kinetics of iron sulfide and mixed iron sulfide/carbonate scale precipitation in CO2/H2S corrosion. Weight gain/loss (WGL) method was used to investigate the scale formation using X65 carbon steel as substrates. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray Diffraction methodology (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Electron Pr...

In this article, we present a facile and low-cost method to prepare urchin-like nickel-cobalt carbonate hollow spheres that display excellent electrooxidation of nitrite. The as-fabricated samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, and BET. The results confirm that the successful formation of nickel carbonate and cobalt carbonate at ratio of 1/2, and their entirely uniform hollow microspherica...

Acid proteins capable of nucleating Ca2+ and displaying aggregation capacity play key roles in the formation of calcium carbonate biominerals. The helix-loop helix EF-hands are the most common Ca2+-binding motifs in proteins. Calcium is bound by the loop region. These motifs are found in many proteins that are regulated by calcium. Gad m 1, an Atlantic cod β-parvalbumin isoform, is a monomeric ...

Perfect crystallinity is defi ned as three-dimensional, atomiclevel periodic order in a material. [ 1 ] The degree of crystallinity can be strongly affected by the specimen’s formation process and often plays an important role in its resulting chemical and mechanical properties. Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), for example, exhibits a wide range of gradually changing crystallinity. The two extremes...

Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) has been widely found in biomineralization, both as a transient precursor and a stable phase, but how organisms accurately control its formation and crystallization pathway remains unclear. Here, we aim to illuminate the role of biologically relevant additives on the phase behaviour of calcium carbonate solution by investigating their effects on the formation o...

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com to modify wettability within micromodels to mimic the reservoir’s wettability.[16–19] Previous micromodels have mostly been made of glass,[7,8] silicon,[9,19] and polymeric materials[10–18] instead of real rock.[20,21] As a result, they have limitations in studying geochemical fluid–rock interactions, such as acid fractu...

Calcium carbonate is an abundant biomineral that is of great importance in industrial or geological contexts. In recent years, many studies of the precipitation of CaCO3 have shown that amorphous precursors and intermediates are widespread in the biomineralization processes and can also be exploited in bio-inspired materials chemistry. In this work, the thorough investigation of a urinary stone...

Authigenic carbonate build-ups develop at seafloor methane-seeps, where microbially mediated sulphate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane facilitates carbonate precipitation. Despite being valuable recorders of past methane seepage events, their role as archives of atmospheric processes has not been examined. Here we show that cyclic sedimentation pulses related to the Indian monsoon in co...