Software plays an increasingly crucial role in nearly every facet of modern life, from communications infrastructure to control systems in automobiles, airplanes, and power plants. To achieve the highest degree of reliability for the most critical pieces of software, it is necessary to move beyond ad hoc testing and review processes towards verification—to prove using formal methods that a prog...

BACKGROUND Regular use of β2-agonists may enhance non-specific airway responsiveness. The wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling pathways are responsible for several cellular processes, including airway inflammation and remodeling while cAMP-PKA cascade can activate the Wnt signaling. We aimed to investigate whether the Wnt signaling pathways are involved in the bronchial hyperresponsiveness induc...

Understanding the connection between metabolic pathways and cancer is very important for the development of new therapeutic approaches based on regulatory enzymes in pathways associated with tumorigenesis. The mevalonate cascade and its rate-liming enzyme HMG CoA-reductase has recently drawn the attention of cancer researchers because strong evidences arising mostly from epidemiologic studies, ...

We establish a series of exact results for a model of stationary turbulence in two-dimensions: the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation with stochastic force white-noise in time. Essentially all of our conclusions follow from the simple consideration of the simultaneous conservation of energy and enstrophy by the inertial dynamics. Our main results are as follows: (1) we show the blow-up of me...

Given two nonlinear input-output systems represented as Fliess operators, this paper considers properties of the cascade and feedback interconnected systems. The cascade system is characterized via the composition product for formal power series. In the multivariable setting this product is shown to be generally well defined and continuous in its first argument. Then a condition is introduced u...

The connection between online users is the key to the success of many important applications, such as viral marketing. In reality, we often easily observe the time when each user in the network receives a message, yet the users’ connections that empower the message diffusion remain hidden. Therefore, given the traces of disseminated messages, recent research has extensively studied approaches t...

We have previously reported that CD40 stimulation sensitizes human memory B cells to undergo apoptosis upon subsequent B cell receptor (BCR) ligation. We have proposed that activation stimuli connect the BCR to an apoptotic pathway in mature B cells and that BCR-induced apoptosis of activated B cells could serve a similar function as activation-induced cell death in the mature T cell compartmen...

Aiming at bridging the gap between the maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) and the suboptimal iterative decodings for short or medium length LDPC codes, we present a generalized ordered statistic decoding (OSD) in the form of syndrome decoding, to cascade with the belief propagation (BP) or enhanced min-sum decoding. The OSD is invoked only when the decoding failures are obtained for the preceded...