Cascade processes are responsible for many important phenomena in natural and social sciences. Simple models of irreversible dynamics on graphs, in which nodes activate depending on the state of their neighbors, have been succesfully applied to describe cascades in a large variety of contexts. Over the last decades, many efforts have been devoted to understand the typical behaviour of the casca...

Given two nonlinear input-output systems represented as Fliess operators, this paper considers properties of the cascade and feedback interconnected systems. The cascade system is characterized via the composition product for formal power series. In the multivariable setting this product is shown to be generally well defined and continuous in its first argument. Then a condition is introduced u...

Signaling from the T-cell receptor (TCR) conditions T-cell differentiation and activation, requiring exquisite sensitivity and discrimination. Using mass cytometry, a high-dimensional technique that can probe multiple signaling nodes at the single-cell level, we interrogate TCR signaling dynamics in control C57BL/6 and autoimmunity-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, which show ineffective ERK ...

The property of continuity of an arbitrary scaling function is known to be unstable with respect to the coeecients in the associated dilation equation. That is, if f is a continuous function which is a solution of the dilation equation f (x) = P N k=0 c k f (2x ? k) then a dilation equation with slightly perturbed coeecients f~ c 0 ; : : : ; ~ c N g need not have a continuous solution. The conv...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) that in response to microbial infections generate long-lasting adaptive immune response. Following microbial uptake, DCs undergo a cascade of cellular differentiation that ultimately leads to "mature" DCs. Mature DCs produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFβ) a key cytokine for the ...

BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are developmental neurotoxicants but also produce lasting effects on metabolism. OBJECTIVES/METHODS We administered diazinon (DZN) or parathion (PRT) to rats on postnatal days 14 at doses straddling the threshold for systemic signs of exposure and assessed the effects on hepatic and cardiac cell signaling mediated through the adenylyl cyclase (AC) ...

PURPOSE Within the corneal stroma, keratocytes communicate through gap junctions. These plasma membrane channels, which connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, are composed of connexins. In a cell culture model, an investigation was conducted to determine whether connexin-based gap junction intercellular communication is present in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, both of which replace keratocy...

alternate of the usurped property is a compensation paid to the owner after unavailability of usurped property. the iranian civil code, following the islamic scholars' famous view, has principally accepted the payment of this compensation but is silent as far as duties and rights of owner and usurper are concerned; hence the judge's obligation to refer to valid verdicts (fatawa) in this regard....

Medical plants have a great value in traditional knowledge related to human health care both used whole plant or consisting in curative remedies. These valuable uses has been led to commercial use of medicinal plants and their derivatives which makes great benefits. Also there is a growing desire to use of completely natural materials as curative drugs around the world. These facts show up a gr...