Veterinary pharmaceuticals excreted in the dung of treated livestock can have strong non-target effects on the dung organism community. We report results of ecotoxicological tests with ivermectin for 21 species of temperate (Europe, North America) and tropical (Asia, Central America) black scavenger flies (Diptera: Sepsidae), using standardized methods developed previously for the yellow dung f...

At midday, surface temperatures in the desert often exceed 60°C. To be active at this time, animals need extraordinary behavioural or physiological adaptations. Desert ants, for instance, spend up to 75% of their foraging time cooling down on elevated thermal refuges such as grass stalks. Ball-rolling dung beetles work under similar thermal conditions in South African savannahs. After landing a...

We evaluated short- (among months within-years) and long-term (between 1999-2000 2016-2017) temporal patterns of taxonomic functional β- diversity (and its components substitution gain/loss) dung beetle assemblages in forest fragments pastures the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve (LTBR). Habitat type affected dissimilarity richness difference component, with average values being respectively 1.42 ...

Lepidoptera feed at mud puddles, dung, and carrion in a behavior known as puddling. Sodium and sometimes protein are feeding cues, are actively collected, and play a potentially important role in lepidopteran nutritional and mating ecology. We showed that montane butterßy species have feeding preferences among mud, herbivore dung, and carnivore dung, and that these preferences differed among bu...

INTRODUCTION Cow dung known since long ago for its germicidal properties, used by Indian villagers to clean the house premises. As cow dung is not available easily, nowadays people have started using synthetic yellow coloured powder (Auramine-o) available easily in grocery shops locally known as "Morechap powder" in districts of Maharashtra. As the poisoning is rare, very few literatures are av...

Abstract Native to Europe and Central Asia, face flies (Musca autumnalis De Geer, Diptera: Muscidae) were unintentionally introduced into North America became pests of pastured beef cattle, dairy horses. Female male use their sponging proboscis with prestomal teeth feed around moist, mucus membranes an animal’s other body parts. While feeding, agitate livestock elicit defensive behaviors (e.g.,...

The present study aims to determine the optimal dose of ox dung and sowing density that optimize yield seed cotton in region BERE North-West Côte d'Ivoire. Six fertilizer doses (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 T5) were tested. Among these six doses, T3 are composed a mixture NPK mineral fertilizer, T0 is T5 only cattle dung. These tested on plants through 4 seeding densities : low (LowD 50 cm x 80 with 2 pl...