There are an increasing number of biological and bioengineering contexts in which cavitation is either utilized to create some desired effect or occurs as a byproduct of some other process. In this review an attempt will be made to describe a cross-section of these cavitation phenomena. In the byproduct category we describe some of the cavitation generated by head injuries and in artifical hear...

PURPOSE To describe a patient with intrachoroidal cavitation in the normal eye that caused self-limiting recurrent macular detachment and retinoschisis. CASE REPORT An 80-year-old female patient with intrachoroidal cavitation in the normal eye presented with macular detachment and retinoschisis after cataract surgery. These were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and then absorbed within 9...

Cryogenic cavitation experiences phase change in an environment where the vapor pressure is temperature dependent. The cavitation dynamics have critical implications on the performance and safety of liquid rocket engines, but there is no established method to estimate the actual loads due to cavitation on the inducer blades. To help develop such a computational capability, we conduct a systemat...

This paper summarizes the numerical analysis of a liquid-liquid ejector pump with focus on the accuracy of the employed cavitation model and in view of its potential application as a dualor multi-liquid mixing and injection system. While the use of gas-phase or gas/liquid-phase ejection systems has found wide application in gas/hybrid burners and scrubbers for air pollution control; the use of ...

1. Soil characteristics influence plant communities in part through water relations. Hypothetically, finer textured soils in arid climates should be associated with more negative plant and soil water potentials during drought, greater resistance of xylem to cavitation, and shallower root systems than coarse soils. 2. These hypotheses were tested by comparing the water relations of Great Basin s...

A passive cavitation detector (PCD) identifies cavitation events by sensing acoustic emissions generated by the collapse of bubbles. In this work, a dual passive cavitation detector (dual PCD), consisting of a pair of orthogonal confocal receivers, is described for use in shock wave lithotripsy. Cavitation events are detected by both receivers and can be localized to within 5 mm by the nature o...

Cavitation resistance is a critical determinant of drought tolerance in tropical tree species, but little is known of its association with life history strategies, particularly for seasonal dry forests, a system critically driven by variation in water availability. We analysed vulnerability curves for saplings of 13 tropical dry forest tree species differing in life history and leaf phenology. ...

Apoptosis is an essential step in cavitation during embryonic epithelial morphogenesis, but its mechanisms are largely unknown. In this paper, we used embryonic stem cell-differentiated embryoid bodies (EBs) as a model and found that Bnip3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kD interacting protein), a BH3-only proapoptotic protein, was highly up-regulated during cavitation in a hypoxia-dependent manner. S...

Over 150 years ago, Becquerel discovered the ultraviolet illumination of one of a pair of identical electrodes in liquid water produced an electric current, the phenomenon called the Becquerel effect. Recently, a similar effect was observed if the water surrounding one electrode is made to cavitate by focused acoustic radiation, which by similarity is referred to as the cavitation induced Becqu...

The cavitation characteristics were experimentally investigated about long circular-cylindrical orifices of various throat lengths including the orifice with a trip wire. Especially, the shedding process of separated vortex cavity was examined in detail with the observation using high-speed photography. The cavitation impact was measured with an accelerometer. As a result, it is found that the ...