Dendritic cells (DCs) subsets differ in precursor cell of origin, functional properties, requirements for growth factors, and dependence on transcription factors. Lymphoid-tissue resident CD8α(+) conventional DCs (cDCs) and CD11b(low/-)CD103(+) non-lymphoid DCs are developmentally related, each being dependent on FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), and requiring the transcription factors...

Human neutrophils are primed in the presence of complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with its serum binding protein (LBP) in a manner dependent on CD14. Cellular consequences of priming include increased responsiveness, the upregulation of surface proteins including the adhesive integrin CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), the increased binding of certain ligands to CD11b/CD18, and the concurrent shedding of ...

The function of mucosal dendritic cell (DC) subsets in immunity and inflammation is not well understood. In this study, we define four DC subsets present within the lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node compartments based on expression of CD103 and CD11b. Using IL-12p40 YFP (Yet40) reporter mice, we show that CD103(+)CD11b(-) mucosal DCs are primary in vivo sources of IL-12p40; we also ident...

In response to bacterial stimuli, multiple dendritic cell (DC) populations accumulate within the draining lymph node, thus enhancing opportunities for effective T cell-DC interaction. DC subpopulations, such as plasmacytoid, CD8(+), and CD11b(+) subsets, have distinct roles in determining the nature of the immune response. The mechanisms whereby individual DC subpopulations are mobilized and th...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) increase late sepsis immunosuppression and mortality in mice. We reported that microRNA (miR) 21 and miR-181b expression in Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid progenitors increase septic MDSCs in mice by arresting macrophage and dendritic cell differentiation. Here, we report how sepsis regulates miR-21 and miR-181b transcription. In vivo and in vitro binding studies ha...

Adhesion molecules may play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. We investigated the effect of interleukin- (IL-) 15 on CD11b, CD54, and CD62L expression on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and CD56+CD3+ NKT-like cells from SLE subjects and healthy controls. SLE patients had decreased circulating NK cells and NKT-like cells compared to controls. NK cells from...

Gut homeostasis and mucosal immune defense rely on the differential contributions of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. Here we show that colonic CX3CR1(+) mononuclear phagocytes are critical inducers of the innate response to Citrobacter rodentium infection. Specifically, the absence of IL-23 expression in macrophages or CD11b(+) DC results in the impairment of IL-22 production and in acute...

Innate immune cells may regulate adaptive immunity by balancing different lineages of T cells and providing negative costimulation. In addition, CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells have been described in tumor, parasite infection, and severe trauma models. In this study, we observe that splenic CD11b(+) cells markedly increase after experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) i...

BACKGROUND We investigated the potential role of several pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs; CD11b, CD11c, CD32, CD206, CD209, and dectin-1) in adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). METHODS The study included 13 untreated AOSD patients, 19 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (as a disease control), and 19 healthy controls (HCs). The PRRs were quantified in peripheral blood using flow cytometry....

How myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) emerge in the tumor environment remains unclear. Here, we report that GM-CSF can convert natural killer (NK) cells into MDSCs. When transferred into tumor-bearing mice, adoptively transferred NK cells lost their NK phenotype and were converted into Ly6C(high)Ly6G(high) MDSC. This conversion was abolished by exposure to IL-2 either in vitro or in vivo....