INTRODUCTION Globally, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children, and is a major cause of hospital admission in children <1 year of age. The study evaluated the severity of RSV-associated LRTI disease among premature (<36 weeks gestational age (GA)) and term children <1 year of age and assessed the influenc...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of a continuous combined oral preparation of norethisterone (norethindrone) acetate and ethinylestradiol (NA/EE) [FemHRT] as both a first-line and second-line therapy for menopausal women. PERSPECTIVE Third-party payer. METHODS The cost effectiveness of NA/EE was assessed as both a first- and second-line therapy i...

The countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) used to be quite buoyant about benefiting from China’s economic largesse. A little over a year ago, cooperation with the region was brandished as real feather in foreign policy cap. Today, however, China-CEE appears done with. This development has led many question whether become victim COVID-19 pandemic. answer provided here is: no, not at all!...

IMPORTANCE Postmenopausal hormone therapy with conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs) may adversely affect older women’s cognitive function. It is not known whether this extends to younger women. OBJECTIVE To test whether prescribing CEE-based hormone therapy to postmenopausal women aged 50 to 55 years has longer-term effects on cognitive function. DESIGN Trained, masked staff assessed particip...

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling maintains the redox homeostasis and its activation is shown to suppress cardiac maladaptation. Earlier we reported that acute endurance exercise (2 days) evoked antioxidant cytoprotection in young WT animals but not in aged WT animals. However, the effect of repeated endurance exercise during biologic aging (WT) characterized by an in...

BACKGROUND Out-of-pocket payments for health services constitute a major financial burden for patients in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Individuals who are unable to pay use different coping strategies (e.g. borrowing money or foregoing service utilization), which can have negative consequences on their health and social welfare. This article explores patients' inability to pay ...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantify development assistance for health to countries of central and eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CEE-CIS). METHODS We used the International Development Statistics database of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the database on development assistance for health compiled for the Commission on Macroeconomics and H...

A single centre randomised placebo-controlled trial was performed to assess the 2-year effects of hormone replacement therapy compared to placebo on mechanical arterial properties in 99 perimenopausal women recruited from the general population. The trial was double-blind with respect to a sequential combined regimen of oral 17beta-oestradiol and desogestrel (17betaE(2)-D) and the placebo group...

2 This paper assesses the innovation capacities of the central and east European (CEE) candidate countries and the countries of the EU using a set of 25 indicators organized within the national innovation capacity (NIC) framework. Based on regression and cluster analysis the paper shows that NIC in the enlarged EU does not follow a simple 'East – West' divide. The wider Europe is structured int...