We have studied the role of M(2) and M(3) muscarinic receptors in acetylcholine-mediated desensitization of the contractile response to histamine in the guinea pig ileum. Treatment of the isolated ileum with acetylcholine (30 microM) for 20 min caused a marked desensitization of the contractile response to histamine. When measured 5 min after washout of acetylcholine, the EC(50) value of histam...

the aim of the present study was to investigate whether and by which mechanism; histamine can induce state-dependent retrieval of passive avoidance task. the pre-training or pre-test intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of histamine (20µg/mouse) impaired retrieval, when it was tested 24 h later. in the animals, which retrieval was impaired due to histamine pre-training administration, pre...

Autonomic nerves, consisting of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, regulate various bodily functions such as blood pressure, body temperature, glucose metabolism, energy metabolism, and digestion. Our studies in rats and mice have demonstrated that food, flavor, and music affect physiological phenomena via changes in autonomic neurotransmissions. Intestinal injection of Lactobacillus ...

The vagus nerve plays a central role in the regulation of gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. The current understanding of the mechanisms involved in vagal regulation of acid secretion and gastrin release is reviewed. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the medullary raphe nuclei appears to be the central excitatory mediator of vagal action in the dorsal motor nucleus. Vagal stimulation ...