Theories of autism have proposed that a bias towards low-level perceptual information, or a featural/surface-biased information-processing style, may compromise higher-level language processing in such individuals. Two experiments, utilizing linguistic stimuli with competing low-level/perceptual and high-level/semantic information, tested processing biases in children with autism and matched co...

When faced with inconclusive or conflicting visual input human observers experience one of multiple possible perceptions. One factor that determines perception of such an ambiguous stimulus is how the same stimulus was perceived on previous occasions, a phenomenon called perceptual memory. We examined perceptual memory of an ambiguous motion stimulus while applying transcranial magnetic stimula...

OBJECTIVES To identify the critical dimensions of hospital Chief Executive Officers' (CEOs) involvement in a quality and safety and to offer practical guidance to assist CEOs to fulfil their leadership role in quality improvement (QI). DESIGN Qualitative interview study. SETTING 20 organisations participating in the main phase of the Safer Patients Initiative (SPI) programme across the UK. ...

Perceptual decision making is believed to be driven by the accumulation of sensory evidence following stimulus encoding. More controversially, some studies report that neural activity preceding the stimulus also affects the decision process. We used a multivariate pattern classification approach for the analysis of the human electroencephalogram (EEG) to decode choice outcomes in a perceptual d...

Visual memory can be understood as an inferential process that combines noisy information about the world with knowledge drawn from experience. Biases can arise during encoding of information from the outside world into internal representations, or during retrieval. In this work, we use the method of serial reproduction, in which information is passed along a chain of participants who try to re...

Two experiments are reported in which observers judged the sign and magnitude of surface curvature from shaded images of an indoor scene. The depicted surfaces were illuminated by an area light in the ceiling or floor, and the illumination was attenuated with distance in a physically correct manner. The displays were presented both with and without cast shadows, specular highlights and surface ...

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In perceptual decision-making tasks the activity of neurons in frontal and posterior parietal cortices covaries more with perceptual reports than with the physical properties of stimuli. This relationship is revealed when subjects have to make behavioral choices about weak or uncertain stimuli. If knowledge about stimulus onset time is available, decision making can be based on accumulation of ...

Purpose To better understand executive communication on social media, this paper examines the pattern of messages posted by chief executive officers (CEOs) on Twitter and their retweetability (rate of reposting by other users). Design/methodology/approach The study data comprises 1068 original tweets randomly selected from all Fortune 1000 CEOs tweets in 2014. The impact of the contextual facto...