BACKGROUND Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is recognized as the standard treatment for ischemic stroke. However, its narrow therapeutic window and association with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage have required caution when used. In this context, several approaches are required to deal with the shortcomings of such a double-edged drug. Anesthetics are known to pr...

Neurovascular Disorders Neurovascular disorders encompass those conditions that result in cerebrospinal ischemia, infarction, and hemorrhage. Various vascular and parenchymatous changes have been reported in dogs and cats in association with vascular anomalies (e.g., aneurysms, telangiectatic hamartomas), cerebral arteriosclerosis, mineral and pigment deposition, malacias and necrosis, cerebral...

BACKGROUND The retinal and brain histopathological findings in children who died from cerebral malaria (CM) have been recently described. Similar changes occur in both structures, but the findings have not been directly compared in the same patients. In this study, we compared clinical retinal findings and retinal and cerebral histopathological changes in a series of patients in Blantyre, Malaw...

OBJECTIVE Acute respiratory dysfunction frequently occurs following severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation to maintain adequate oxygenation. High PEEP levels, however, may negatively affect cerebral perfusion. The goal of this study was, to examine the influence of various PEEP levels on intracranial pressure, brain tissue oxygen ...

Background: Cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis is an uncommon form but important cause of stroke, especially in young-aged women. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive-analytical study in which 124 patients with cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis, who referred to Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from January 2000 to March 2008, were included, and their dem...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Global cerebral edema is common among patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage and is associated with poor outcome. Currently no targeted therapy exists largely due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms. METHODS This is a prospective observational study including 39 consecutive patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage with multimoda...

An abnormally low level of cystatin C in the cerebrospinal fluid is a diagnostic marker for the hereditary form of brain hemorrhage associated with amyloidosis that was first identified in Iceland. We developed an assay for cystatin C to use in the diagnosis of patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and brain hemorrhage. This test consists of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay usin...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The efficacy of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis in adult moyamoya disease was evaluated by clinicopathophysiological studies. METHODS Fifteen patients with cerebral ischemic attacks (ischemia group) and 15 patients with intracranial hemorrhages (hemorrhage group) were investigated. Clinicoangiographic features and regional cerebr...