C EREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS represent the third most common cause of nontraumatic death in the United States of America. More patients are admitted to hospital wards with major brain stroke than with any other ineurologic disorder. Fortunately, recent advances in our knowledge of the embryology, anatomy and physiology of the cerebral circulation are improving methods of diagnosis and treatment o...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) establishes a protective interface between the central neuronal system and peripheral blood circulation and is crucial for homeostasis of the CNS. BBB formation starts when the endothelial cells (ECs) invade the CNS and pericytes are recruited to the nascent vessels during embryogenesis. Despite the essential function of pericyte-EC interaction during BBB developme...

The Cerebrovascular system is characterized by complex interactions between various control mechanisms and physiological processes. Different approaches are used to provide better diagnostics and physiological under-standing and medical planning. The mathematical description and modeling of the human cerebrovascular system plays nowadays an important role in the comprehension of the genesis and...

BACKGROUND Diabetics have a 3-fold risk for cardiovascular diseases compared with non-diabetics. This study was designed to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). TCD is a highly sensitive and specific method of quick bedside assessment of cerebrovascular circulation hemodynamics. PATIENTS AND METHODS In ...

Along with the recent development of intraluminal interventional techniques and correlated imaging methods, one-stop hybrid operation has become a new focus in clinical settings. The aim of this study is to discuss the clinical significance of the one-stop hybrid endarterectomy surgery in the treatment of complex ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, clinical data from 10 patients w...

The influence of sympathetic nervous activity on cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was investigated through inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). A PO2 electrode, a PCO2 electrode and a plate-type thermocouple-flowmeter were placed on the pial surface of the cat brain. Cerebrocortical PO2, PCO2, cerebrocortical blood flow and arterial blood pressure were continuou...

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE BLOOD, the most easily analyzed organ of the body, to the brain, the most remote and the focus of neurologists' attention, is strikingly apparent in cerebrovascular disease where thrombosis, atherosclerotic obstruction of vessels, and consequent failure to transport a constant supply of oxygen demonstrate the dependence of the nervous system on a properly functioning cir...

Krause, Diana N., Sue P. Duckles, and Dale A. Pelligrino. Influence of sex steroid hormones on cerebrovascular function. J Appl Physiol 101: 1252–1261, 2006. First published June 22, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2005.—The cerebral vasculature is a target tissue for sex steroid hormones. Estrogens, androgens, and progestins all influence the function and pathophysiology of the cerebral c...

Background and Purpose—Patients with carotid occlusive disease and stage 2 cerebral hemodynamic failure, characterized by an increased oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) and otherwise known as misery perfusion, have a high risk of cerebral ischemia and subsequent stroke. In clinical practice, the detection of patients with misery perfusion through...

The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not limited to amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Recent evidence suggests that more than 30% of AD cases exhibit cerebrovascular pathology, which involves the cellular elements that represent the blood-brain barrier. Certain vascular lesions such as microvascular degeneration affecting the cerebral endothelium, cerebral amyloid angiopathy ...