BACKGROUND Significant shifts in climate are considered a threat to plants and animals with significant physiological limitations and limited dispersal abilities. The southern Appalachian Mountains are a global hotspot for plethodontid salamander diversity. Plethodontids are lungless ectotherms, so their ecology is strongly governed by temperature and precipitation. Many plethodontid species in...

Abstract Accurate representation of the Atlantic–Mediterranean exchange in climate models is important for a reliable simulation circulation North Atlantic Ocean. We evaluate performance 10 global representing Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) over recent period 1986–2005 by using various metrics. The metrics are based on climatological mean state and spatiotemporal variability temperature, sa...

Aim: To identify the extent and direction of range shift of Eucalyptus sideroxylon and E. albens in Australia by 2050 through an ensemble forecast of four species distribution models (SDMs). Each was generated using four global climate models (GCMs), under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Location: Australia. Methods: We used four SDMs of (i) generalized linear model, (ii) MaxE...