Abstract In this chapter I analyze how the ideals of Finnish welfare state are experienced in 2020s by people who live weak social and economic situations. Charitable food aid public services often seen to epitomize unreconciled charitable ethos versus universalism. This voices grassroots experiences use from both service institutions. By exploring people’s everyday encounters with these servic...

after the start of the iraqi imposed war against iran, due to the inexperience of the iranian military forces in the field of supporting and engineering, the reconstruction jihad [jihad-e sazandegi]which had been created after the victory of islamic revolution through a decree of imam khomeini to develop the rural areas and eliminate the deprivation therein and also had done some valuable works...

abstract: the main objective of this paper is to investigate the leadership style between public and private bank and its impact on the job satisfaction in iran. for this purpose, the relationship between transformation and transactional leadership and job satisfaction and the effect of managers’ decision-making strategy and employee’s job perception on it have been considered empirically. the ...

In the United States, charitable contributions can be deducted from taxable income making the price of giving inversely related to the marginal tax rate. However, several other types of contributions such as donations to political organizations are not tax deductible. This paper investigates the spillover effects of charitable subsidies on political giving using five independent surveys of char...

BACKGROUND Many large-scaled public hospitals have established branched hospitals in China. This study is to provide evidence for strategy making on the management and development of multi-branched hospitals by evaluating and comparing the operational efficiencies of different hospitals before and after their establishment of branched hospitals. METHODS DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) window ...

Patients participate in emergency care research and are the intended beneficiaries of research findings. The public provide substantial funding for research through taxation and charitable donations. If we do research to benefit patients and the public are funding the research, then patients and the public should be involved in the planning, prioritisation, design, conduct and oversight of rese...