Burns are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vulnerable people such as children, the frail elderly, socially deprived at particular risk. Most burns caused by thermal injury to skin, but electrical chemical can be very severe. Fortunately, most minor superficial managed primary health care professionals. However, severe require in-hospital management from team surgeons other sp...

[a] HemaClear ® , a self-contained, sterile, exsanguinating tourniquet face. Chemical burn was also reported in a 4 year old boy who underwent general anesthesia for elective orchidopexy; within a few hours, the child developed erythema and blistering around the upper buttocks and natal cleft region. The author recommended saline rinsing after antisepsis [4]. In 1995, contact dermatitis involvi...

Clinical diagnosis of a chemical burn of the oral mucous membranes may be a diagnostic challenge. This article's intent is to illustrate the typical appearance of a chemical mucosal burn and to increase awareness of the various compounds which, when in contact with the mucous membranes, can result in a burn. The authors present a case involving a self-inflicted chemical injury of the oral mucou...

BACKGROUND All will agree that invention of electricity has changed the world. Today nobody can think of living without an uninterrupted supply. Electricity is definitely a boon to the mankind but this turns into a curse when it becomes a cause of disaster. Electrical burn injuries are the most destructive injuries with a potential of causing significant functional disability and extensive disf...

Holland, W. C. & Klein, R. L. (1956). Amer. J. Phy8iol. 187, 501. llngold, C. K. (1953). Structure and Mechani8m in Organic Chemi8try. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. Kistiakowsky, G. B. & Mangelsdorf, P. C., jun. (1956). J. Amer. chem. Soc. 78, 2964. Mounter, L. A. & Whittaker, V. P. (1953). Biochem. J. 54, 551. Nachmansohn, D. & Rothenberg, M. A. (1945). J. biol. Chem. 158, 653. Pauli...

High-tension electrical burns are a rare but devastating form of injury. The objective of this case report is to bring to the fore the severity of this rare form of injury and highlight the benefits of active surgical management of such a condition. We report the cases of two patients who were managed for high-tension electrical burns and highlight the main features of their presentation and ma...

The chemical structure of a drug determines its physicochemical properties, further determines its ADME/Tox properties, and ultimately affects its pharmacological activity. Medicinal chemists can regulate the pharmacological activity of drug molecules by modifying their structure. Ring systems and functional groups are important components of a drug. The proportion of non-hydrocarbon atoms amon...

We describe the development of Lewis’s ideas concerning the chemical bond and in particular the concept of the electron pair bond and the octet rule. We show that the concept of the electron pair bond has endured to the present day and is now understood to be a consequence of the Pauli principle. In contrast the octet rule is now regarded as much less important than was originally generally bel...

Definitions It is very important for the clinician caring for a burn victim to know the depth, or degree, of burn. A first-degree burn is superficial, dry, painful to touch, and heals in less than 1 week. A second-degree burn is partial thickness and pink or possibly mottled red. It exhibits bullae or frank weeping on the surface. It usually is painful unless classified as deep and heals in 1 t...

In the pharmaceutical world, scientists routinely use 2D structural likeness to indicate similar biological action. 2D ‘atom and bond’ representation such as those shown in Figure 1 are, after all, the de facto language of chemistry. So why question the authority of this representation after applying it for so long on all aspects of drug discovery from activity enhancement to toxicity and from ...