Dust-related dose-response decrements in lung function among coal miners have been reported in several studies, with varying magnitudes across populations. Few studies have compared differences between current and former coal miners. No studies on dose response relationships with lung function have been conducted in South African coal mines, one of the top three producers of coal internationall...

Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is acknowledged to provide incomes tens of millions individuals around the world, yet systematic data on miners' earnings are lacking. We developed a sampling method survey tools suited for collection applied it stratified random sample 453 miners in largest town Congo's South Kivu province. Our research design allows us study how much artisanal gold earn,...

Lung cancer has been a rare disease among the Indians of the southwestern United States. However, the advent of uranium mining in the area has been associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer among Navajo uranium miners. This study centers on Navajo men with lung cancer who were admitted to the hospital from February 1965 to May 1979. Of a total of 17 patients with lung cancer, 16 wer...

C oal miners’ nystagmus was one of the first occupational illnesses ever recognized as being due to a hazardous working environment. It aroused great concern and much controversy in Great Britain in the first half of the 20th century but was not seen in the United States. Miners’ nystagmus became a significant financial problem for the British workmen’s compensation program, and the British med...

The classical studies of coal miners' nystagmus were monocular in outlook, but the rise of orthoptics, the work of Campbell and others (1948, 1951), and the suggestion by Browne (1951) that miners' nystagmus may be a type of disuse atrophy of the visual apparatus, have all focused attention upon the binocular vision of the miner with this disease. The objects of the present investigation are to...

This paper develops a new STIT based deontic logic, pessimistic utilitarian deontic logic, capable of analyzing the miners puzzle. The key idea of the semantics of this logic is: one set of possible worlds is better than another set of possible worlds iff the worst world in the first set is better than the worst world in the second. This semantics gives an idea to write predictions in the miner...