many different radiolabeled antibodies have been used for radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoscintigraphy of human diseases in animal experiments. in order to study the in vivo tissue distribution of antibody, we labeled human nonspecific polyclonal igg with na125i using chloramine-t method. an animal model was developed by injecting turpentine in the posterior left thigh of balb/c mice. tissue ...

Many different radiolabeled antibodies have been used for radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoscintigraphy of human diseases in animal experiments. In order to study the in vivo tissue distribution of antibody, we labeled human nonspecific polyclonal IgG with Na125I using chloramine-T method. An animal model was developed by injecting turpentine in the posterior left thigh of Balb/c mice. Tissue ...

We have investigated the effects of a mild oxidant, chloramine-T(CT), on the sodium and potassium currents of squid axons under voltage-clamp conditions. Sodium channel inactivation of squid giant axons can be completely removed by CT at neutral pH. Internal and external CT treatment are both effective. CT apparently removes inactivation in an irreversible, all-or-none manner. The activation pr...

This spectroscopic study presents the kinetics and degradation pathways of oxidation of amoxicillin (AMOX) by chloramines-T (CAT) in acidic medium at a constant ionic strength of 0.105 mol dm-3 at 298 K. Reaction between AMOX and CAT in acidic medium exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry (AMOX:CAT). The reaction is of a first-order in both [CAT] and [AMOX]. The order with respect to acid concentration was...

Interactions between copper and chlorine disinfectants were examined from the perspective of disinfectant decay and copper pitting corrosion. Sparingly soluble cupric hydroxide catalyzed the rapid decay of free chlorine, which in turn, led to production of less soluble and more crystalline phases of cupric hydroxide. The catalytic activity of the cupric hydroxide was retained over multiple cycl...

Many natural and engineered biofilm systems periodically face disturbances. Here we present how the recovery time of a biofilm between disturbances (expressed as disturbance frequency) shapes the development of morphology and community structure in a multi-species biofilm at the landscape scale. It was hypothesized that a high disturbance frequency favors the development of a stable adapted bio...

Although it has been recently shown by the use of H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy that enzymatically formed hypochlorous acid (HOCl/Cl) reacts with carbohydrates containing N-acetyl groups under the formation of acetate and presumably chloramines, mechanistical aspects of this reaction remain unknown. Since NMR spectroscopy suffers a lot from low sensitivity especially toward ...

Disinfection is a very important step in the water treatment independent on the water application. Chlorination is the practice adopted in many industries, but chlorine can cause environmental damage and health hazards in the industry. A less aggressive agent to the environment is desirable to be found. The objective of this work is to prepare stable monochloramine solutions without any residua...

Three methods, one titrimetric and two spectrophotometric, using chloramine-T (CAT) and two dyes, metanil yellow and indigocarmine have been developed for the determination of atenolol (ATN) in bulk drug and in tablets. The titrimetric method (Method A) involves the oxidation of the drug by a measured excess of CAT in acid medium followed by the determination of the residual oxidant by iodometr...