Current standards, based on cell culture assay, indicate that poliovirus is inactivated by 0.5 mg of free chlorine per liter after 2 min; however, integrated cell culture-PCR detected viruses for up to 8 min of exposure to the same chlorine concentration, requiring 10 min for complete inactivation. Thus, the contact time for chlorine disinfection of poliovirus is up to five times greater than p...

SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION of low and erratic results obtained in one laboratory on standard solutions of uric acid revealed the presence of considerable free residual chlorine in the supply of distilled water. A further study was made of the effect of free chlorine on the determination of uric acid and other substances susceptible to oxidation-reduction reactions. Collier and Stuart (1) previous...

The results of a study of the photocatalytic oxidation of uichloroethylene (TCE) in air using titanium dioxide as the catalyst are reported. Dichloroacetyl chloride is found to be an intermediate in the oxidation sequence and carbon monoxide, phosgene, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and chlorine are found in the product mixture. The yields of each, except chlorine, have been determined usin...

Chlorine-containing disinfectants have been widely used all over the world to prevent COVID-19. However, little is known about potential risk of chlorine-containing in marine environment. Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) a typical economic diatom, often as an effective biomarker ecotoxicology research. Here, present study has investigated effect different chlorine concentrations on ph...

The ability of photochemical models to predict observed coastal chlorine levels and their corresponding effect on ozone formation is explored. Current sea-spray generation functions, a comprehensive gas-phase chlorine chemistry mechanism, and several heterogeneous/multiphase chemical reactions considered key processes leading to reactive chlorine formation are added to an airshed model of the S...

In an effort to validate previous research suggesting remarkable resistance of norovirus to free chlorine disinfection, we characterized the disinfection response of purified and dispersed Norwalk virus (NV) by bench-scale free chlorine disinfection using RT-PCR for virus assays. The inactivation of NV by two doses of free chlorine (1 and 5mg/L) at pH 6 and 5 degrees C based on two RT-PCR assay...

Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare were grown in suspension and in biofilms, and their susceptibilities to chlorine were measured. M. avium and M. intracellulare readily adhered within 2 h, and numbers increased 10-fold in 30 days at room temperature in biofilms on both polystyrene flasks and glass beads. The chlorine resistance of M. avium and M. intracellulare cells grown an...

Electrolyzed anode water (EAW) markedly extended the vase life of cut carnation flowers. Therefore, a flower-senescence hormone involving ethylene decomposition by EAW with potassium chloride as an electrolyte was investigated. Ethylene was added externally to EAW, and the reaction between ethylen and the available chlorine in EAW was examined. EAW had a low pH value (2.5), a high concentration...