Introduction: Recent studies suggest that glucocorticoids modulate memory reconsolidation. Moreover, cholinergic system is involved in memory reconsolidation. Since glucocorticoids interact with brain cholinergic system in modulating memory processing, we investigated whether glucocorticoid influences on the reconsolidation of emotionally arousing training depend on the cholinergic system...

the present study investigated the effects of microinjections of acetylcholine (a cholinergic agonist), physostigmine (a cholinesterase inhibitor), atropine (an antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors) and hexamethonium (an antagonist of nicotinic cholinergic receptors) into the parafascicular nucleus of thalamus on the acute corneal nociception in rats. acute corneal nociception was ind...

potential bioactive agents, we subjected pregnenolone (1) to fungal metabolism with fungi reported to effect hydroxylation of steroids at various positions, and as a result a series of transformed analogues 3—11 were obtained. Pregnenolone (1) is a major hormone in human nerve tissues. Its therapeutic role in repairing defective neurons is well documented. The most promising therapeutic strateg...

It has recently been shown that immunoglobulin (Ig)E facilitates the cholinergic bronchoconstrictor pathway in human tissue in vitro. However, whether this occurs in humans in vivo has not been clarified. In this study, the bronchodilator responses were examined to inhalation of a submaximal dose of the anticholinergic agent oxitropium bromide (600 microg) in normal and allergic subjects with v...

PURPOSE To locate the muscarinic (M) M2 and M3 receptors in bladder interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and to determine the effects of M2 and M3 agonists on bladder ICCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 225-250 g were used in this study. Double-labeled fluorescence of muscarinic receptors and c-kit was performed for co-localization. To evaluate the ...

Acute nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain all depend to some degree on the peripheral activation of primary sensory afferent neurons. The localized peripheral administration of drugs, such as by topical application, can potentially optimize drug concentrations at the site of origin of the pain, while leading to lower systemic levels and fewer adverse systemic effects, fewer drug int...

Alzheimer’s disease is a memory-related neurodegenerative condition leading to cognitive impairment. Cholinergic deficit, together with other underlying mechanisms, leads the onset and progression of disease. Consequently, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used for symptomatic treatment dementia, even if limited efficacy observed. More recently, some specific phosphodiesterase isoforms emerge...

In this review, we outline the role of the cholinergic system in Huntington's disease, and briefly describe the dysfunction of cholinergic transmission, cholinergic neurons, cholinergic receptors and cholinergic survival factors observed in post-mortem human brains and animal models of Huntington's disease. We postulate how the dysfunctional cholinergic system can be targeted to develop novel t...

Organophosphorus nerve agents are the most toxic chemical warfare agents that present a threat to the warfighter. Irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, by nerve agents leads to accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at cholinergic synapses (Taylor, 1996). Currently fielded MARK I nerve agent antidote for treatment of nerve agent poisoning protects against life threa...

The preparation of dissociated monolayer cultures from embryonic human spinal cord is described. Optimal survival was achieved with embryonic tissue between the eighth and ninth week. The neurons survive for as long as 7 weeks in culture and they grow in a standard tissue culture medium which contains 13% decomplemented human serum. The neurons have been identified by indirect immunofluorescenc...