Purpose: Neurosurgical interventions are long and complex, additional difficulties encountered in positioning the operating room.The aim of study is to determine risk pressure injury development intraoperative period patients undergoing elective cranial surgery. 
 Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional was conducted with 127 who met inclusion criteria underwent surgery a city hospital b...

sulfur mustard (sm) has been used as a chemical weapon in some conflicts, and many veterans and civilians have been injured thereby. pulmonary, cutaneous, and ocular effects of sm have been frequently reported, although it seems that other organs such as the cardiovascular system are probably also affected. there are a number of studies evaluating the cardiovascular impacts of sm. however, thes...

Brain injury occurs in two phases: the initial injury itself and a secondary cascade of precise immune-based neurochemical events. The secondary phase is typically functional in nature and characterized by delayed axonal injury with more axonal disconnections occurring than in the initial phase. Axonal injury occurs across the spectrum of disease severity, with subconcussive injury, especially ...

Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is generated in response to cell injury where it orchestrates tissue protection and repair. Whereas adenosine is best known for promoting anti-inflammatory activities during acute injury responses, prolonged elevations can enhance destructive tissue remodeling processes associated with chronic disease states. The generation of adenosine and ...

Tissue injury (chronic disease) associated with persistent LCM infection is apparently caused by the host immune response to the virus. Employing parabiosis or cell transfer from hyperimmune donors to isologous virus carriers, the tissue injury of chronic disease could be initiated and/or intensified. Furthermore, the transfer of anti-LCM antibody to SWR/J carrier mice results in acute necrotiz...

Background: The reported statistics suggest that alcoholic liver disease is on the rise. Furthermore, medications used to treat have unpleasant effects, and this necessitates need continuously investigate hepatoprotective agents. This study investigates animal models of evaluate activity. Content: A good number published articles evaluating activity were summarized. studies three ethanol-induce...

*Corresponding author: Prof. Hamid Nasri, Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98 311 220 8081, Fax: +98 311 223 5043, E-mail: [email protected] Last year, the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations (IFKF), focused the World Kidney Day (WKD) of 2013 on acut...

Infection and systemic inflammation are risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases and poststroke infections impair outcome in stroke patients, although the mechanisms of their contribution are mostly unknown. No preclinical studies have identified how chronic infection affects ischemic brain damage and which key inflammatory mediators are involved. We used a well established model of gut infect...