Introduction hronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major health problem throughout the world. It is a global public health problem, with greater burden and very high cost of care especially in developing countries. The exact prevalence rate of Chronic Kidney Disease in Bangladesh is not known. Kidney awareness prevention and monitoring society (KAPMS) reported that about 2 corers people of Banglades...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is sometimes called chronic failure. The kidneys eliminate waste and surplus fluids from the circulation excrete them as urine. In severe renal disease, fluid, electrolytes, products may build up in body. HIV patients with additional risk factors for must have function evaluated annually. damage filters. filters won't work properly. CKD has five stages, more symptom...

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is common, costly, and it results from progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). ESRD claims many lives every year. It is increasingly recognized that episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI) predispose to the future development of CKD and ESRD. While our understanding of the pathophysiology of the AKI to CKD transition is improving, there are no validated therapeuti...

The need for proper nutrition and diet is fundamental in every stage of chronic kidney disease. principle nutritional therapy slowing the progression disease, delaying patients with CKD (chronic disease) from getting replacement therapy. In patients, there a disturbance protein homeostasis, metabolism protein, acid-base disorders, hormonal dysfunctions. As increases, nitrogen-containing product...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is much more common than people recognize, and habitually goes undetected and undiagnosed until the disease is well advanced or when their kidney functions is down to 25% of normal function. Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to cause CKD. Non-genetic factors include hypertension, High level of DNA damage due to the production of reactive oxygen species and ...

A number of studies have shown that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic kidney disease is characterized by significant disturbances in lipoprotein metabolism, including differences in quantitative and qualitative content of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Recent studies have revealed that serum HDL cholesterol levels...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represent a spectrum of impaired immunity with effects on cellular immunity, soluble immune factors, and inflammation. As a result, infections due to impaired immune system responses are responsible for significant morbidity in patients with kidney disease. Because of immune dysfunction in CKD, these patients have reduced probabili...

The perceived prevalence of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the increase worldwide. This has led to considerable debate and controversy as some believe such an increase reflects a genuine increase in the incidence and prevalence of CKD whilst others perceive it to be the result of the ageing of the population with the inherent decline in kidney function associated with advancing age. This re...