1 Shahab L, Jarvis MJ, Britton J, et al. Prevalence, diagnosis and relation to tobacco dependence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a nationally representative population sample. Thorax 2006;61:1043–7. 2 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease, www.goldcopd.com (accessed 18...

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) is a common interstitial lung disease resulting from inhalation of a large variety of antigens by susceptible individuals. The disease is best classified as acute and chronic. Chronic HSP can be fibrosing or not. Fibrotic HSP has a large differential diagnosis and has a worse prognosis. The most common etiologies for HSP are reviewed. Diagnostic criteria are p...

background chronic kidney disease (ckd) is a prevalent, progressive, and treatable disease. however, lack of enough data about its prevalence in iran is a major obstacle for its early detection. in order to determine the prevalence of the disease in the country, it is necessary to conduct epidemiologic studies especially on populations with ethnic diversity; hence, this study aimed at determini...

conclusions the apri had the highest sensitivity and specificity (64% and 71%, respectively) for prediction of the presence of liver disease. we suggest that apri may be applicable for the detection of a severe liver disease. objectives in this study, we evaluated and compared several available indices of the severity of liver diseases in patients with hepatitis. patients and methods exclusion ...

heart failure (hf) is one of the main causes of death and disability in the world. the prevalence of hf in developed countries is between 1% and 2% of the adult population and approximately between 6% and 10% in the elderly, giving rise to high costs of care and treatment. indeed, in the united states, the direct and indirect costs exceeded 23 billion dollars in 2002.  hf is typically character...

background and purpose: chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is an inherited disorder of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase complex. this disorder results in recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. aspergillus species are the most common fungal infections in these patients. case report: herein, we present a case of fungal infection in a girl with ...

background: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are high in chronic renal failure (crf) patients. increased dispersion of qt intervals is known to predispose to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. this study was conducted to assess the effect of hemodialysis (hd) on corrected qt (qtc) intervals and their dispersions (qtd) in chronic hemodialyzed patients. methods: fifty-eight p...

prevalence of chronic disease could be adversely having an effect on the capability of the driver. in addition, it must increase probability of accidents. the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between chronic medical conditions and contribution in crashes among drivers. in this cross-sectional study, the populations were professional truck drivers. the numbers of 323 people were...