In the late 1970s, macromolecular crystallography at NIST began with collaboration between NIST and NIH to establish a single-crystal neutron diffractometer. This instrument was constructed and employed to solve a number of crystal structures: bovine ribonuclease A, bovine-ribonuclease-uridine vanadate complex, and porcine insulin. In the mid 1980s a Biomolecular Structure Group was created est...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, whose incidence is increasing in industrialized countries. The epicutaneous application of a hapten, such as 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), evokes an experimental murine AD-like reaction. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a dairy bioactive peptide derived from hydrolysis of κ-casein by chymosin action. It has anti-inflammatory, prebioti...

Four new aspartic protease genes pepAa, pepAb, pepAc and pepAd from Aspergillus niger were identified using a comparative genomic approach. All four gene products have highly conserved attributes that are characteristic of aspartic proteases; however, each one has novel sequence features. The PEPAa protease appears to represent an ortholog of a pepsin-type aspartic protease previously identifie...

Traditionally, human milk proteins are identified largely by reference to bovine milk. Hence, to identify the major proteins in human milk, we subjected human and bovine milk, in parallel, to high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.6 was our criterion for distinguishing whey proteins from those of the casein complex. The alpha- and beta-caseins were id...

BACKGROUND Variations in codon usage between species are one of the major causes affecting recombinant protein expression levels, with a significant impact on the economy of industrial enzyme production processes. The use of codon-optimized genes may overcome this problem. However, designing a gene for optimal expression requires choosing from a vast number of possible DNA sequences and differe...

Cheeses are food products obtained by concentration and biotransformation of the main components milk under influence physicochemical factors rennet enzyme preparations microorganisms. Suluguni occupies an important place among cheeses in Ukraine. cheese has been known for a long time, it was first mentioned book Pope's personal chef Bartolomeo Scipri. Industrial production product established ...