In this paper a method is presented for torsional analysis of non-homogeneous tubes with arbitrarily shaped cross-sections. A previously presented method based on Bredt’s theory is extended to achieve formulas for torsional analysis. Shear modulus varies through the thickness according to a power law distribution. To validate the accuracy of the presented formulas for angle of twist and shear s...

We present first phenomenological characterizations of the pressure-volume relationships (a) in veins excised from dogs under anesthesia and (b) in thinwalled latex tubes. We measured their cross-sectional areas and perimeters from cinefluorographic enlargements during distension. From flattened to circular CTOSS sections, the perimeter of latex tubes remained constant while the area increased ...

Tensile tests have been performed at up to five different displacement rates, from about lmm/s to over 20,000mm/s, on braided glass-fibre tubes of both square and circular cross-section and the corresponding force-displacement curves have been derived. In general both the maximum tensile force and the displacement at failure increase with increasing loading rate, implying a greater energy absor...

Heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide cooled in circular tubes was investigated experimentally. The effect of mass flux, pressure, and heat flux on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop was measured for four horizontal cooling tubes with different inner diameters ranging from 1 to 6 mm. The radial distribution of the thermophysical properties (i.e. specific heat, density, ther...

The monitoring of liquid-filled tubes with respect to the formation of soft deposition layers such as biofilms on the inner walls calls for non-invasive and long-term stable sensors, which can be attached to existing pipe structures. For this task a method is developed, which uses an ultrasonic clamp-on device. This method is based on the impact of such deposition layers on the propagation of c...

Hair cells are specialized sensory epithelial cells found in the inner ear (Figure1a). Inmammals, the inner ear contains the coiled cochlea as well as the vestibular apparatus, which includes two otolith organs (the utricle and the saccule) and three semicircular canals. The cochlea and the components of the vestibular apparatus are interconnected by fluid-filled tubes that are circular and con...

We have compared the high resolution BGO detector blocks from the EXACT HR PET system which use two dual-cathode rectangular photomultiplier (PM) tubes with a new block design, the EXACT HR PLUS, which uses four round PM tubes. Despite the lower coupling area between photocathode and scintillator, the HR PLUS block compares favorably with the HR block. The energy resolution averages 20% for the...

A comprehensive review of published works dealing with numerical modelling forced convection heat transfer and hydrodynamics nanofluids is presented. Due to the extensive literature, limited straight, smooth, circular tubes, as this basic geometry in shell-and-tube exchangers. Works on tubes are presented chronologically first part article. Particular attention was paid method solution governin...

In order to achieve the best performance of a thermal system, two major analyses must be carried out on system: energy and entropy generation. The scenario is mechanism in which system has minimum generation highest Nu number. this regard, we investigated number fluid flow through tubes various cross-sections, namely circular tubes, square channels, rectangular ducts. Additionally, addition nan...

Capillary pressure is a crucial input in reservoir simulation models. Generally, capillary measurements are expensive and time-consuming; therefore, there limitation on the number of cores tested laboratory. Accordingly, numerous models have been suggested to match curves overcome this limitation. This study developed new fractal model by depicting porous system as bundle tortuous triangular tu...