While clause resolution is central to logic programming, practical eeorts to optimize resolution have largely concerned eecient clause indexing. One recent exception is Uniication Factoring 5], which optimizes backtracking through clause heads. Here we consider the problem of optimizing clause resolution in a more general setting than Uniication Factoring. One fundamental change is to use mode ...

a. A: Please apologize to him. / B: I was wrong and I should apologize? No way. Surprise question; contradiction b. A: John went to pick up his sister. / B: John has a sister? Surprise question; incredulity c. A: There’s one flight to Helsinki. / B: The flight leaves at 4pm? Confirmative question (cf. Poschmann 2008) d. A: Do you speak Spanish? B: I speak Ladino? Not sure about the metalinguist...

This paper discusses the evolution of subject-verb inversion in declarative root clauses in French. The frequent occurrence of such constructions in Medieval French is generally accounted for in terms of a V2 analysis, and their marginality in Modern (Standard) French is attributed to the loss ofV2. Given clear evidence against the assumed V2 status of Medieval French, subject-verb inversion is...

This paper presents a novel analysis of two central uses – Davis’ (2011) “guide to action” and “correction” uses – of the Japanese discourse particle yo occurring in declarative clauses. Yo with a rising contour instructs to update the modal base for priority modality relativized to the hearer, thereby indicating that the propositional content is relevant to what the hearer should and may do. Y...

Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) has stood the test of time as a model of text analysis. The present literature contains a plethora of studies that while taking the ‘clause’ as a unit of analysis have put into investigation the metafunctions in research articles of a single field of study or those of various fields in comparison. Although ‘clause complex’ is another unit of SF a...

a jurisprudential and legal survey on reflection of fairness in the special legal acts siroos shahriyari [1] hamid miri (ph.d.) [2]     abstract with a view to foreign and domestic law and jurisprudence, it is appeared that there are streaks of making attention to the fairness factor behind of confronting some special legal acts such as usury and mortgage contracts, penal and non-liability clau...

Contrastively focused constituents in Malagasy, a verb-initial language, occur at the left edge of the clause, separated from the remainder of the clause by the particle no (previous work has shown that no forms a constituent with what follows it, here called the NO-PHRASE). The Malagasy focus construction is usually analyzed as a pseudo-cleft: the focus phrase constitutes the main predicate of...

The paper describes a rule-based system for tagging clause boundaries, implemented for annotating the Estonian Reference Corpus of the University of Tartu, a collection of written texts containing ca 245 million running words and available for querying via Keeleveeb language portal. The system needs information about parts of speech and grammatical categories coded in the word-forms, i.e. it ta...

Abstract The current study presents an analysis of a linguistic device supporting interactional coherence in computer-mediated communication (CMC). focused on the use German causative conjunction weil and, more specifically, syntactic variation verb-final versus verb-second word order -clause. Verb-final indicates dependent clause, whereas independent clause. While only former is accepted writt...