The evolution of the global aerosol system in a transient climate simulation from 1860 to 2100 P. Stier, J. Feichter, E. Roeckner, S. Kloster, and M. Esch The Atmosphere in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany now at: Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Received: 4 November 2005 – Accepted: 17 November 2005...

Mitigation of climate change is often described as a tragedy of the commons. According to this theoretical framework, it is collectively rational for present-generation countries to mitigate climate change, but not individually rational to do so. It is rather in national self-interest to ‘free-ride’ on the mitigation actions of other countries. In this paper, I discuss two arguments criticizing...

The Paris Agreement acknowledged the importance of climate change adaptation and climate resilience by establishing the global goal for adaptation as “enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change”. The Paris Agreement also established a ‘global stocktake’ to regularly assess progress towards the purpose of the Agreement, including the global...

Uncertainty and learning play an important role in addressing the problem of climate change. In stylized game-theoretic models of international environmental treaty formation, which capture the strategic interactions between nations, it has been shown that learning usually has a negative impact on the success of cooperation. This paper asks the question whether this negative conclusion carries ...

The goal of the Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements is to help identify key design elements of a scientifically sound, economically rational, and politically pragmatic post-2012 international policy architecture for global climate change. It draws upon leading thinkers from academia, private industry, government, and non-governmental organizations from around the world to constr...

We study the importance for climate policy of uncertainty concerning the gravity of climate change and thus the benefits of abatement. In particular, this uncertainty can have different effects on the benefits of early abatement and R&D. We explore these differences, which depend in large part on the curvature of the marginal abatement cost function—prudence, in other words. With convex margina...

The study of climate change impacts on Indian agriculture has gained recent attention, due to the size of India’s agricultural sector, and reports suggesting that developing countries are more vulnerable to negative climate change effects. Studies in India have focused on predicting future trends using standard climate change scenarios from externally developed models. However, these studies ar...

[1] Observations averaged over the U.S. for the second half of the 20th century have shown a decrease of frost days, an increase in growing season length, an increase in the number of warm nights, and an increase in heat wave intensity. For the first three, a nine member multi-model ensemble shows similar changes over the U.S. in 20th century experiments that combine anthropogenic and natural f...

o N-2 o S equatorial strip, for observations (GISST3) and for the CGCMs with no tropical flux adjustment(page 21). More results of the CLIVAR Study of Tropical Oceans Intercomparisons Project (STOIC) can be found in the article by M. Davey et al. on page 21. Note, that there are also results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and the Paleo Climate Modelling Intercomparison Pr...

abstract the climate change was known to force local hydrology, through changes in the pattern of precipitation, temperature and the other hydrological variables. in this research, the impact of global warming on maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration (wheat, corn, tomato and sugar beet) of kashafrood basin under two climate change scenarios (a2 and b2), and the o...