We develop a dynamic industry model with heterogeneous firms and we analyse how financing frictions affect export decisions and industry equilibrium. We show that, in the presence of costly bankruptcy, future expected financing frictions have a strong impact on current export decisions. We use this model to analyse firm dynamics in a sector that opens up to trade. We show that future expected f...

this study will provide detailed specification of those variables and determinants of unpredictable health expenditure in iran, and the requirements to reduce extensive effects of the factors affecting households' payments for health and other goods and services inappropriately.this study aims to identify measures of fair financing of health services and determinants of fair financing contribut...

We provide a comprehensive review of firms’ financing channels (internal and external, domestic and international) around the globe, with the focus on alternative finance—financing from all the nonmarket, non-bank external sources. We argue that while traditional financing channels, including financial markets and banks, provide significant sources of funds for firms in developed countries, alt...

A long standing question related to immunization financing and sustainability has been whether the existence of a specific line item for vaccines purchasing within the national health budget can contribute significantly to increasing national government financing of vaccines and routine immunizations. Based on immunization financing indicators from 185 countries collected through the joint WHO ...

I study the financing decisions of firms going public. I find that, all else equal, firms that raise more financing are worth more, and I consider potential explanations for this finding. I provide evidence that raising more financing leads to greater investor recognition, as proxied by better underwriting services, greater liquidity, and greater investor interest, and thereby increases firm va...

Medium-sized and small enterprises play a key role in the process of economic and social development of countries around the world. In our country, the problem of financing difficulties that medium-sized and small enterprises are face with has become the main influence factors, thus blocking the medium-sized and small enterprises further development. To strengthen the study of medium-sized and ...

BACKGROUND Changes in third party financing, whether public or private, are linked to a household's ability to access dental care. By removing costs at point of purchase, changes in financing influence the need to reach into one's pocket, thus facilitating or limiting access. This study asks: How have historical changes in dental care financing influenced household out-of-pocket expenditures fo...

The innovation of supply chain financial services can alleviate the plight of SMEs financing difficulties. In the aspect of supply chain finance model, there is a credit guarantee financing model, which is different from the simple external financing and internal financing mode of supply chain. Based on this, this paper studies the decision-making of supply chain finance under the partial credi...

Highly variable returns, asymmetric information and a lack of collateral should cause small high-tech firms to have poor access to debt. New equity financing has several advantages over debt, but may be costly compared to internal finance. We examine an unbalanced panel of over 2,400 publicly traded United States high-tech companies over the period 1981 to 1998. Most small high-tech firms obtai...

Medicaid has been a major source of financing for early intervention services since the inception of the Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities Program in 1986. In this article, the authors analyze Medicaid financing of early intervention services in 39 States before and after the introduction of managed care. The association between level of Medicaid financing and program characteristics, prov...