The rats model has never thoroughly investigated the influence of tramadol on plasma pethidine concentration besides pharmacokinetics. Individually, analgesic ED50s for and are estimated as 3.55 24.21 mg/kg, i.p. Subsequently, their measures decreased to 1.65 11.27 i.p., when both were given in combination at 1:1 from ED50s. Tramadol have a form synergistic interaction, which is therefore class...

The Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan banned coadministration of carbapenems, such as panipenem/betamipron (PAPM), meropenem (MEPM), and valproic acid (VPA) because clinical reports have indicated that the coadministration caused seizures in epileptic patients due to lowered plasma levels of VPA. In this study, we have clarified the mechanism of the drug-drug interaction using PAPM, MEPM, a...

Several anti-influenza drugs that reduce disease manifestation exist, and although these drugs provide clinical benefits in infected patients, their efficacy is limited by the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses. In the current study, we assessed the therapeutic strategy of enhancing the antiviral efficacy of an existing neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir, by coadministering with th...

BACKGROUND The amygdala is the key brain structure for anxiety and emotional memory storage. We examined the involvement of β-adrenoreceptors in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and their interaction with morphine in modulating these behaviors. METHODS The elevated plus-maze has been employed for investigating anxiety and memory. Male Wistar rats were used for this test. We injected morphine (4...

ABT-384 [1-piperazineacetamide, N-[5-(aminocarbonyl) tricyclo[3.3. 1.13,7]dec-2-yl]-a,a-dimethyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-, stereoisomer] is a potent and selective inhibitor of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD-1). ABT-384 has been shown to be safe and well tolerated in humans at doses up to 100 mg daily, and to fully inhibit both peripheral and brain HSD-1 at a dose of 2 ...

Combined continuous s.c. coadministration of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) plus interleukin-2 (IL-2) by osmotic pump protected mice given i.v. injections of a lethal dose of EL4 T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Antitumor protection was significantly greater than that afforded by treatment with either cytokine alone. Since neither IL-2 receptors nor M-CSF receptors were expressed on EL4,...

Lersivirine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with a unique resistance profile exhibiting potent antiviral activity against wild-type HIV and several clinically relevant NNRTI-resistant strains. Lersivirine, a weak inducer of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme CYP3A4, is metabolized by CYP3A4 and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7). Two open, randomized, two-way (stu...

The safety and efficacy of combination therapy with 7-ethyl-10-[4-[1-piperidino]-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11, irinotecan) and S-1 composed of tegafur, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, gimeracil, and potassium oxonate, have been confirmed in patients with colorectal cancer. Previously, we showed that p.o. coadministration of S-1 decreased the plasma concentration of both CPT-11 and ...

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the coadministration of testosterone (TE; 200 micro g) with 10 micro g of diethylstilbestrol (DES) between days 2 and 12 postnatally could prevent the adverse gross reproductive tract changes and associated loss of androgen receptor (AR) expression induced by DES treatment alone. Various endpoints (rete testis area, efferent duct lumen a...