Square COD (complex orthogonal design) with size [n, n, k] is an n×n matrix Oz, where each entry is a complex linear combination of zi and their conjugations z∗ i , i = 1, . . . , k, such that O H z Oz = (|z1| 2 + . . . + |zk| 2)In. Closely following the work of Hottinen and Tirkkonen, which proved an upper bound of k/n by making a crucial observation between square COD and group representation...

COD is usually measured and the test is simple and easy to perform with the right equipment and can be done in 2 hours. BOD usually takes 5 days and TOC used to require large expensive pieces of equipment that could measure the sample in minutes, but was cost prohibitive. There are now test in tube kits that utilize COD digestors to run a test similar to a COD test method. Below are more detail...

Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) inhabits the entire North Pacific region and supports the third largest fishery after walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Although walleye pollock is often processed into various food products, Pacific and Atlantic cod are often preserved using salt for transport and consumption worldwide. Salt suppresses bacterial growth an...

Opioids are central analgesics that act on the CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system). We investigated the effects of codeine (COD) and tramadol (TRAM) on local anesthesia of the sciatic nerve. Eighty Wistar male rats received the following SC injections in the popliteal fossa: local anesthetic with epinephrine (LA); local anesthetic without vasoconstrictor (LA WV); CO...

As and when the aquaculture industry forecasts a rapid growth of cod production in the near future, the need for prospective analyses on market and consumption becomes acute. Though it is generally assumed that a strong demand for farmed cod exists on European markets to balance the sharp decrease in supply from fisheries, this scenario is worth discussing. The aim of this paper is to contribut...

This paper examined the efficiency of multivariate linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models in prediction of two major water quality parameters in a wastewater treatment plant. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as well as indirect indicators of organic matters are representative parameters for sewer water quality. Performance of the ANN m...

The study compared the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors and anaerobic filters (AF) for the treatment of wheat straw washwater (WSW) which has a high concentration of Potassium ions. The trial was conducted at mesophilic temperatures (37 o C). The digesters were started up over a 48-day period using a synthetic wastewater feed and reached an organic loading rate (OL...

This paper describes the development of a steady-state anaerobic digestion model for biological sulphate reduction using primary sewage sludge (PSS) as substrate. The model comprises: a chemical oxygen demand (COD) based hydrolysis kinetics part in which the PSS biodegradable COD and sulphate removals are calculated for given hydraulic and sludge retention times; a C, H, O, N, P, S, COD and cha...

Bioactivity of cod (Gadus morhua) and chicken (Gallus domesticus) protein hydrolysates before and after in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion was investigated using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. Both hydrolysates were exposed to in vitro GI digestion prior to cellular exposure to simulate digestion conditions in the human body and therefore investigate the role of modul...

The objective of the present work is to examine the influence of pressure up to 193 MPa at subzero temperature (without freezing of water) on myofibrillar proteins of salmon and cod meat and on the properties of gels obtained from washed mince of these fish. The solubility of proteins from myofibrils of cod and salmon meat suspended in 100 mM KCl solution increased after treating the samples wi...