Inverse models are developed that use data and dynamics to estimate optimally the breaking-wave-driven setup and alongshore current, as well as the cross-shore forcing, alongshore forcing, and drag coefficient. The inverse models accurately reproduce these quantities in a synthetic barred-beach example. The method is applied to one case example each from the Duck94 and SandyDuck field experimen...

Barton’s (1973) model for estimating the peak shear strength of rock discontinuity surfaces includes an input variable, called joint roughness coefficient (JRC). Using this model, Barton and Choubey (1977) empirically determined the JRC values of a large number of discontinuities and designated a set of ten roughness profiles (Fig. 1) that represents the JRC range of 0–20. These ten profiles co...

tan films with different n2 partial pressure were deposited on 304 stainless steel using the magnetron sputtering method. the effect of gas pressure on the mechanical property, morphology and phase structure of the films is investigated by x-ray diffraction (xrd), atomic force microscopy (afm), microhardness testing, friction coefficient measurements, and wear mechanism study. the xrd results c...

Spatial and temporal variation in soil moisture plays a significant role in establishing efficient irrigation scheduling, climate change prediction, and sustainable land and water management. Passive microwave remote sensing at L-band is widely recognised as the preferred technique to measure surface soil moisture globally, with spatial resolution ranging from 40-100km. However, passive microwa...

in this research, the effect of surface roughness and bubble injection on skin friction and hydrodynamic drag force has been numerically considered. this research is based on taylor-couette flow. considered flow includes two concentric cylinders which internal cylinder is movable and external is immovable. the effective equations on the flow includes: equations of momentum, continuous, turbulen...

Wind erosion in agricultural soils is dependent, in part, on the aerodynamic roughness length (z0) produced by tillage ridges. Although previous studies have related z0 to ridge characteristics (ridge height (RH) and spacing (RS)), these relationships have not been tested for tillage ridges observed in the North African agricultural fields. In these regions, due to climate and soil conditions, ...