نتایج جستجو برای: cohort
تعداد نتایج: 217733 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
CONTEXT The National Children's Study (NCS) is a longitudinal study of environmental influences on children's health. Recruitment of a representative birth cohort that will be followed until 21 years of age requires unique approaches across the nationwide study communities. PURPOSE To describe community outreach and engagement in preparation for household recruitment of women of childbearing ...
This paper provides a new characterization of stages of the demographic transition, describing it from a child’s perspective. These stages describe the sequence of changes in family and cohort sizes that affect children’s resources. In Stage 1, falling mortality produces increases in surviving family size and in the size of birth cohorts. In Stage 2, falling fertility overtakes falling mortalit...
BACKGROUND The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and poorer health across the life course is well established. Increased chronic inflammation might be one mechanism through which these associations operate. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between ACE and adult inflammation using a prospective longitudinal study. We also investigated whether associati...
The age-standardized lung cancer incidence rate among women in the United States has decreased for each of the last 3 years for which data are available (1999-2001). We conducted this study to assess the stability and near-term sustainability of this decrease. We examined temporal trends in age-specific lung cancer incidence by calendar year and birth cohort and measured trends in the age-stand...
BACKGROUND Attrition is an important problem in cohort studies. Tracing cohort members who have moved or otherwise lost contact with the study is vital. There is some debate about the acceptability and relative effectiveness of opt-in versus opt-out methods of contacting cohort members to re-engage them in this context. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to compare the two approaches in...
Three birth cohort studies from 1982, 1993 and 2004, in Pelotas, Southern Brazil provided the data for this study of trends in preterm births, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. We found a slight increase in the period in the low birth weight prevalence from 9% to 10%. Intrauterine growth restriction decreased from 14.8% in 1982 to 9.4% in 1993, and subsequently increased to...
BACKGROUND The level of frailty in the older population across age cohorts and how this changes is a factor in determining future care costs and may also influence the extent of socioeconomic and gender inequalities in frailty. METHODS We model cohort-specific trajectories in frailty among the community dwelling population older than 50 years, using five waves (2002-2010) of the English Longi...
OBJECTIVE Despite recent research demonstrating associations between violence and depression in adults, links in adolescents are uncertain. This study aims to assess the longitudinal associations between young people's depression and later violent outcomes. METHOD We used data from three cohorts with different measurements of depression exposures and subsequent violent outcomes. In a Dutch co...
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate a pilot program that allowed Chicago field center participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study to submit follow-up information electronically (eCARDIA). METHODS Chicago field center participants who provided email addresses were invited to complete contact information and follow-up questionnaires on ...
AIMS Over the last decade, major developments in medicine have led to significant changes in the clinical management of heart failure patients. This study was designed to evaluate the recent trends in clinical characteristics, management, and short-term and long-term prognosis of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS The Kyoto Congestive Heart Fa...
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