for over the past several decades, there has been a great concern about energy crisis and lackof non-renewable resources. residential buildings take more than 25% of the total energy consumption and morethan 75% of energy consumption in these buildings is for heating, cooling and hot sanitary water. on the other hand,traditional buildings of iran were designed according to ecological conditions...

Previous studies have documented that repetitive exposure to intermittent hypoxia, such as that encountered in preparation to high-altitude ascent, influences breathing. However, the impact of intermittent hypoxia on airway smooth muscle has not been explored. Ascents to high altitude, in addition to hypoxia, expose individuals to cold air. The objective of the present study is to examine the e...

Cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD), which occurs in fingers and toes exposed to extreme cold, is a defensive reaction of protecting the extremities against frostbite. Yoshimura and Iida (1950) developed a practical method, based on observation of CIVD reactivity, for assessing peripheral resistance against frostbite (local cold tolerance). Thereafter, many studies using this test method to clar...

Specimens to be plastinated are often moist which necessitates the removal of tissue fluid (dehydration) before forced impregnation or plastination can be carried, out. Dehydration removes the specimen fluid (water), as well as, some fat. The tissue fluid is replaced with an organic solvent. To be a dehydrating agent, the solvent must be miscible with water and may consist of a variety of chemi...

When alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv Apica) plants grown at room temperature are transferred to 2 degrees C, the temperature at which 50% of the plants fail to survive (LT50) decreases from -6 to -14 degrees C during the first 2 weeks but then increases to -9 degrees C during the subsequent 2 weeks. However, when plants are kept for 2 weeks at 2 degrees C and then transferred to -2 degrees C for...

When alfalfa (Medicago sativa 1. cv Apica) plants grown at room temperature are transferred to 2'C, the temperature at which 50% of the plants fail to survive (LISo) decreases from -6 to -14'C during the first 2 weeks but then increases to -9'C during the subsequent 2 weeks. However, when plants are kept for 2 weeks at 2°C and then transferred to -2°C for another two weeks, the LTm declines to ...

Pre-cooling is an important step in the post-harvest management of fresh produces. This study was initiated to evaluate effect hydro and cold room pre-cooling on cooling kinetics quality parameters for amla. Amla fruits were cooled using immersion method chlorinated water (200 ppm) at 3, 5, 8℃ temperatures, while Cold Room (CR) done a display-type refrigerator 6℃. Comparative showed highest rat...