Klassen, Christopher L., Jay H. Traverse, and Robert J. Bache. Nitroglycerin dilates coronary collateral vessels during exercise after blockade of endogenous NO production. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 45): H918–H923, 1999.—In a previous study nitroglycerin failed to dilate coronary collateral vessels during exercise. This study tested the hypothesis that failure of nitroglycerin t...

INTRODUCTION The threatened vascular territory in ischemic stroke is maintained by pial collateral circulation. Neovascularization varies among organ systems in diabetic patients. The effect of diabetes on the extent of pial collaterals is not well known. The pial collateral supply was compared among diabetic and non-diabetic patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHOD...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the direction of flow via the circle of Willis (CoW) changed after stenting for severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. METHODS 65 patients (38 men, mean age 63.2 +/- 8.4 years, range 44-82) with a symptomatic ICA occlusion were investigated. Magnetic resonance angiography was performed prior to and 1 week af...

BACKGROUND Induction of angiogenic mechanisms to promote development of collateral vessels is considered promising for the treatment of peripheral arterial diseases. Collateral vessels generally develop from preexisting arteriolar connections, bypassing the diseased artery. We speculated that induction of angiogenic mechanisms should be directed to such arteriolar connections to achieve efficie...

OBJECTIVE Previous evidence suggests that episodes of myocardial ischemia of sufficient duration and intensity are required to produce coronary collateral development during repetitive coronary occlusion. This investigation tested the hypothesis that coronary collateral development is also temporal-dependent. METHODS Chronically instrumented dogs (n = 16) were subjected to brief (2 min) left ...

Aging is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial occlusive disease. Oxidant stress increases with age, and may be a significant factor contributing to vascular dysfunction and disease. We have shown that aging and hypertension impair collateral growth, the natural compensatory response to arterial occlusive disease, and that antioxidants restore co...

Recognizing that strategic alliances represents important means for developing knowledge in critical arenas, such as new product development, the authors advance the notion of collateral learning that assess knowledge acquisition internal to a firm in the alliance. To examine its antecedents, the authors build on the behavioral theory of the firm and propose that strategic importance and perfor...

This paper studies a dynamic network economy where risk averse traders trade multi-laterally over the counter but cannot commit to fulfill their short positions. We show that, although the level of trade is below the first-best, bilateral clearing with collateral can provide an allocation superior to those without collateral. However, with use of collateral, the optimal bilateral clearing contr...