Atresia of the colon is a rare anomaly with an incidence of between 1:20,000 and 1:66,000 live births being reported. Hirschsprung's disease association with Colonic atresia is usually diagnosed after several failures of intestinal anastomoses. We herein report one of the first patients in the literature diagnosed before a therapeutic challenge. A 2-day-old female was admitted with severe abdom...

It has been hypothesized that soy isoflavones exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions, however, the effects of soy isoflavones on inflammatory bowel diseases remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of dietary soy isoflavones on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice were administered DSS and soy isoflavones...

The prevalence of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection has been steadily increasing since 2000. Consequently, alternative treatments to the standard antibiotic therapies are now being considered. One alternative treatment is fecal microbiota transplant. Although fecal microbiota transplant is relatively new--and not appealing to most people--it has been around for many years ...

The colonic epithelium self-renews every 3 to 5 d, but our understanding of the underlying processes preserving wound healing from carcinogenesis remains incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis by regulating tissue repair. NLRP6 was primarily produced by myofibroblasts within the stem-cell niche...

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is one of several novel methods that provide real-time, high-resolution imaging at a micronscale via endoscopes. CLE and related technologies are often termed "virtual biopsy" as they simulate the images seen in traditional histology. Recently, the use of CLE was reported in the study of colonic mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and in parti...

The gut microbiota plays important roles in the development of the host immune system. We have previously shown that a combination of 46 strains of commensal Clostridia isolated from conventionally reared mice can induce the accumulation of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in the mouse colonic lamina propria. Subsequently, we succeeded in isolating and selecting 17 strains of Clostridia...

BACKGROUND Lynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome accounting for about 3-5% of all cases and involves significantly higher risk of subsequent malignancies, colonic as well as extra-colonic. Increased risk of malignancies, especially lymphoid malignancies, have been described in patients with autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythem...

background: colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent and treatable malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. recent in vitro studies have demonstrated the anticancer effect of calendula officinalis extract on a tumor cell line derived from colorectal cancers. the inhibitory effect of this extract ranges from 70- 100% and an in vitro study has demonstrated that calendula officina...

The cytokinetics of a naturally occurring hyperplastic disease of the colon in mice were determined by autora diography and compared to kinetic changes seen by others in nonneoplastic and neoplastic colonic disease. Cell cycle parameters were determined using the fraction-labeled mi tosis method. Labeling index, labeling pattern, and migra tion rates were also evaluated. During colonic hyperpla...

Gastric and small intestinal organoids differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have revolutionized the study of gastrointestinal development and disease. Distal gut tissues such as cecum and colon, however, have proved considerably more challenging to derive in vitro. Here we report the differentiation of human colonic organoids (HCOs) from hPSCs. We found that BMP signaling is...